The characteristics and clinical course of patients with melioidosis and cancer.

Background: Patients with an active cancer are more likely to develop melioidosis, but the characteristics and clinical course of melioidosis in patients with cancer have not been examined in detail. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis is prescribed to prevent melioidosis in patients receiving immune suppressing anti-cancer therapy in some jurisdictions-and is recommended in national Australian guidelines-however the risks and benefits of this strategy are incompletely defined.

Methods: The study took place in Far North Queensland (FNQ) in tropical Australia.

Evaluation of chlorine dioxide exposure in an Australian gnotobiotic mouse research facility.

Exposure to chlorine dioxide by staff working in a gnotobiotic mouse facility at an Australian research institute was measured to determine whether current controls were sufficient to ensure their exposure remains below the current Australian workplace exposure standard. A combination of workplace surveys, interviews with workers, and personal sampling was undertaken to understand the workplace, identify higher-risk tasks, and measure the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the air where the workers conduct routine tasks involving the use of a chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant. Personal sampling utilized the validated Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) method ID-202, with minor alterations.

Effects of dynamic thermal conditioning on cognitive load and performance in an office environment.

In the design of buildings with minimal environmental impact, the incorporation of higher energy flexibility is becoming increasingly relevant. This approach is associated with dynamic modulations in setpoint temperatures. Until now, a link between indoor temperatures and cognitive performance of workers has been assumed, leading to high energy consumption and overcooling of office environments in summer conditions.

Making memories: The gestural misinformation effect in children aged 11-16-years-old with intellectual/developmental difficulties.

Background: In 2016, global records documented around 1 billion child abuse cases, with higher rates among children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), and most recorded offenses not proceeding to court. Accurate eyewitness testimony is vital for the justice system. Yet, while children with IDD are known to be influenced by verbal misinformation, the effect of gestures on their testimony is still unknown.

Two universal school-based prevention programs for depression and anxiety: 24-Month follow-up of an RCT.

Background And Objectives: Transdiagnostic approaches have been promoted as a means of maximising preventative effects across multiple problems with depression and anxiety suitable targets as they appear to have highly interconnected systems in pathology development and maintenance. This study investigated long-term effects of two universal school-based programs, Emotion Regulation (ER) and Behavioral Activation (BA), that sought to prevent depression and anxiety by targeting worry (a transdiagnostic feature) to promote resilience.

Methods: This follow-up study captured data from 162 of 316 initial students (aged 8-13; 52.

Localization of the Remnant of a Cell Wall Sorting Signal and Its Interaction with a Sensor Kinase.

Sortases are highly conserved enzymes with endopeptidase and transpeptidase activities in Gram-positive bacteria. Sortase A cleaves within an LPXTG-motif and covalently crosslinks cell wall proteins to become anchored to the peptidoglycan of the cell wall. We showed that a peptide cleaved by sortase A from the C-terminus (C-pep) of the LPXTG-adhesin SspA intercalates in the cell membrane.

Protein kinase D3 conditional knockout impairs osteoclast formation and increases trabecular bone volume in male mice.

Studies using kinase inhibitors have shown that the protein kinase D (PRKD) family of serine/threonine kinases are required for formation and function of osteoclasts in culture. However, the involvement of individual protein kinase D genes and their in vivo significance to skeletal dynamics remains unclear. In the current study we present data indicating that protein kinase D3 is the primary form of PRKD expressed in osteoclasts.

No gesture too small: An investigation into the ability of gestural information to mislead eyewitness accounts by 5- to 8-year-olds.

The accuracy of eyewitness interviews has legal and clinical implications within the criminal justice system. Leading verbal suggestions have been shown to give rise to false memories and inaccurate testimonies in children, but only a small body of research exists regarding non-verbal communication. The present study examined whether 5- to 8-year-olds in the UK could be misled about their memory of an event through exposure to leading gestural information, which suggested an incorrect response, using a variety of question and gesture types.

Intracellular calprotectin (S100A8/A9) facilitates DNA damage responses and promotes apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), poor prognosis and low survival rates are associated with downregulated calprotectin. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion and facilitates G2/M cell cycle arrest. We investigated whether S100A8/A9 regulates DNA damage responses (DDR) and apoptosis in HNSCC after chemoradiation.

Young Men's Health Matters: Implementing a Community-Academic Partnership in an Urban Federally Qualified Health Center.

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches are being leveraged more and more in efforts to improve health equity. Informing the building of community-academic partnerships, CBPR draws on the community's expressed needs and engages stakeholders in future intervention development. To date, however, little has been published on such efforts targeting the health of young Black men (ages 18-24), despite this population's disproportionate need.

Hereditary breast cancer: syndromes, tumour pathology and molecular testing.

Hereditary factors account for a significant proportion of breast cancer risk. Approximately 20% of hereditary breast cancers are attributable to pathogenic variants in the highly penetrant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. A proportion of the genetic risk is also explained by pathogenic variants in other breast cancer susceptibility genes, including ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D and BARD1, as well as genes associated with breast cancer predisposition syndromes - TP53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome), PTEN (Cowden syndrome), CDH1 (hereditary diffuse gastric cancer), STK11 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) and NF1 (neurofibromatosis type 1).

Rejection and graft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with and without angiotensin II receptor type 1 antibodies.

Aim: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody (AT1R Ab) is a non-Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) antibody that is maybe associated with early severe kidney transplant rejection and worse graft outcomes. This study aimed to assess the association between AT1R Ab and kidney transplant rejection and graft outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all adult kidney transplant recipients in an Australian centre who had an AT1R Ab test between 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2020.

Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier.

The recent epidemic caused by aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 virus illustrates the importance and vulnerability of the mucosal epithelial barrier against infection. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are key to the epithelial barrier, providing immunity against microbes. In primitive life forms, AMPs protect the integument and the gut against pathogenic microbes.

Streptococcus gordonii Poised for Glycan Feeding through a MUC5B-Discriminating, Lipoteichoic Acid-Mediated Outside-In Signaling Circuit.

Many oral bacteria employ cell wall-anchored adhesins to bind to the salivary films coating the teeth and mucosal surfaces. Surface binding prevents clearance and facilitates catabolism of salivary film glycoproteins. We asked whether Streptococcus gordonii adhesin expression changes in response to surface salivary cues using a eukaryote-like, outside-in recognition and signaling circuit.

Differences between managers' and safety professionals' perceptions of upwards influence attempts within safety practice.

Introduction: The ability to influence upwards and gain management commitment has been identified as an essential capability for safety professionals, yet little is known about managers' perceptions of their subordinates use and effectiveness of influence tactics. This study utilizes intra-organizational influence theory to explore how safety professionals influence managers who are making important safety decisions.

Method: Survey data were collected from managers (n = 145) on influence tactics used by safety professionals, perceived outcomes, and factors that promote and impede influence.

The contribution of respiratory and hearing protection use to psychological distress in the workplace: a scoping review.

Objective: Workers from various industries use personal protective equipment (PPE) including masks, respirators, and hearing protection to reduce their exposures to workplace hazards. Many studies have evaluated the physiological impacts of PPE use, but few have assessed the psychological impacts. The aim of the present study was to carry out a scoping review to compile existing evidence and determine the extent of knowledge on workplace mask, respirator or hearing protection use as a psychosocial hazard (stressor) that could result in a stress response and potentially lead to psychological injury.

Ultraviolet radiation exposure to the face in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and healthy controls: applying a novel methodology to define photoprotection behaviour.

Background: In xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), the main means of preventing skin and eye cancers is extreme protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Protection is most important for the face.

Objectives: We aimed to assess how well patients with XP adhere to medical advice to protect against UVR by objectively estimating the mean daily dose of UVR to the face.

A randomised controlled trial evaluating two universal prevention programs for children: Building resilience to manage worry.

Background: Childhood anxiety and depression lead to great distress and impairment. Preventing them simultaneously in early life is critically important. We evaluated the long-term efficacy of an emotion regulation-based (ER) and a behavioural activation-based (BA) program.

Behavioural drivers of survey bias: interactive effects of personality, the perceived risk and device properties.

Detecting small mammal species for wildlife research and management typically depends on animals deciding to engage with a device, for instance, by entering a trap. While some animals engage and are detected, others do not, and we often lack a mechanistic understanding of what drives these decisions. As trappability can be influenced by traits of personality, personality has high potential to similarly influence detection success for non-capture devices (chew-track cards, tracking tunnels, etc.

Using touchscreen mobile devices-when, where and how: a one-week field study.

This cross-sectional study explored the objectively measured Touchscreen Mobile Device (TSMD) use in free-living conditions. Data on TSMD use, gross body posture (lying, sitting, standing, stepping), and location of use (workplace, home, other) were collected over seven consecutive days from 54 adults (mean ± SD, 38 ± 10 years). The average duration of TSMD use was 152 ± 91 min/day, with a TSMD engagement of 51 ± 35 times/day.

Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) Is an Innate Immune Effector in Experimental Periodontitis.

Upregulated in inflammation, calprotectin (complexed S100A8 and S100A9; S100A8/A9) functions as an innate immune effector molecule, promoting inflammation, and also as an antimicrobial protein. We hypothesized that antimicrobial S100A8/A9 would mitigate change to the local microbial community and promote resistance to experimental periodontitis . To test this hypothesis, S100A9 and wild-type (WT; S100A9) C57BL/6 mice were compared using a model of ligature-induced periodontitis.

A mechanistic understanding of prebaiting to improve interaction with wildlife management devices.

Background: Prebaiting is a technique involving early deployment of 'unarmed' devices (e.g. baits and traps) to increase efficacy of wildlife management.