They are my worries, so it's me the doctor should listen to-adolescent males' experiences of consultations with general practitioners.

Background: Many adolescent males visit a general practitioner regularly, yet many report unmet health needs and negative experiences. This indicates a gap between provided healthcare and the needs of adolescent males. In order to improve adolescent males' possibilities to discuss their health concerns with general practitioners, the study's aim was to explore and describe how adolescent males understand and assign meaning to their experiences of consultations with general practitioners.

The voice of the profession: how the ethical demand is professionally refracted in the work of general practitioners.

Background: Among the myriad voices advocating diverging ideas of what general practice ought to be, none seem to adequately capture its ethical core. There is a paucity of attempts to integrate moral theory with empirical accounts of the embodied moral knowledge of GPs in order to inform a general normative theory of good general practice. In this article, we present an empirically grounded model of the professional morality of GPs, and discuss its implications in relation to ethical theories to see whether it might be sustainable as a general practice ethic.

Effects of telemonitoring follow-up, side effects, and other factors on CPAP adherence.

Study Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of telemonitoring compared with standard clinic visits on adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment after 6 months. In addition, the impact of other factors including CPAP side effects on treatment adherence were assessed.

Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 217) who were prescribed CPAP treatment for obstructive sleep apnea were randomized to either telemonitoring or standard-care follow-up.

Confidentiality matters! Adolescent males' views of primary care in relation to psychosocial health: a structural equation modelling approach.

Objective: To investigate to what degree adolescent males (1) value confidentiality, (2) experience confidentiality and are comfortable asking sensitive questions when visiting a general practitioner (GP), and (3) whether self-reported symptoms of poor mental health and health-compromising behaviours (HCB) affect these states of matters.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: School-based census on life, health and primary care in Region Sörmland, Sweden.

The voice of the self: a typology of general practitioners' emotional responses to situational and contextual stressors.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive typology of emotional reactions associated with stress among general practitioners (GPs), grounded in their own experiences.

Design: Data was generated using observations and unstructured interviews, using Straussian grounded theory as the overarching methodology. The typology was built using multidimensional property supplementation.

Multidimensional Property Supplementation: A Method for Discovering and Describing Emergent Qualities of Concepts in Grounded Theory Research.

Multidimensional property supplementation is a grounded theory method for analysis that conceives of concepts as multidimensional spaces of possibilities. It is applied in an iterative process comprising four steps: , whereby vague codes are split and contraries postulated; of practically significant differences in terms of properties and dimensions; of properties to create conceptual subspaces that supplant subcategories and have additional, emergent qualities; and of the concept by validating it against data and relieving it of properties that do not tie in sufficiently with other concepts. Multidimensional conceptual models encourage the researcher to elaborate properties that explain, predict, or guide action.

How general practitioners decide on maxims of action in response to demands from conflicting sets of norms: a grounded theory study.

Background: The work of general practitioners (GPs) is infused by norms from several movements, of which evidence based medicine, patient-centredness, and virtue ethics are some of the most influential. Their precepts are not clearly reconcilable, and structural factors may limit their application. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework that explains how GPs respond, across different fields of interaction in their daily work, to the pressure exerted by divergent norms.

Autonomy is a Right, Not a Feat: How Theoretical Misconceptions have Muddled the Debate on Dynamic Consent to Biobank Research.

Should people be involved as active participants in longitudinal medical research, as opposed to remaining passive providers of data and material? We argue in this article that misconceptions of 'autonomy' as a kind of feat rather than a right are to blame for much of the confusion surrounding the debate of dynamic versus broad consent. Keeping in mind two foundational facts of human life, freedom and dignity, we elaborate three moral principles - those of autonomy, integrity and authority - to better see what is at stake. Respect for autonomy is to recognize the other's right to decide in matters that are important to them.

Adequate trust avails, mistaken trust matters: on the moral responsibility of doctors as proxies for patients' trust in biobank research.

In Sweden, most patients are recruited into biobank research by non-researcher doctors. Patients' trust in doctors may therefore be important to their willingness to participate. We suggest a model of trust that makes sense of such transitions of trust between domains and distinguishes adequate trust from mistaken trust.

Hypothetical and factual willingness to participate in biobank research.

In the debate on biobank regulation, arguments often draw upon findings in surveys on public attitudes. However, surveys on willingness to participate in research may not always predict actual participation rates. We compared hypothetical willingness as estimated in 11 surveys conducted in Sweden, Iceland, United Kingdom, Ireland, United States and Singapore to factual participation rates in 12 biobank studies.

Patients' refusal to consent to storage and use of samples in Swedish biobanks: cross sectional study.

Objectives: To estimate how many people object to storage of biological samples collected in health care in Sweden and to their use in research and how many withdraw previous consent.

Design: Cross sectional study of register data.

Setting: Biobanks used in Swedish health care, 2005-6.

No evidence of genotoxic effect in vivo of the phytosterol oxidation products triols and epoxides.

Phytosterols (PS) are naturally occurring compounds present in food products of plant origin. Due to reported positive health effects, some food products are also enriched with PS. In the same way as cholesterol is oxidised, PS also oxidise to a variety of oxidation products (POPs).

The right to withdraw consent to research on biobank samples.

Ethical guidelines commonly state that research subjects should have a right to withdraw consent to participate. According to the guidelines we have studied, this right applies also to research on biological samples. However, research conducted on human subjects themselves differs in important respects from research on biological samples.

Separation of phytosterol oxidation products by combination of different polarity gas chromatography capillary columns.

The number of characterized phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) from both ring- and side-chain structures has increased during recent decades, resulting in difficulties in the separation of POPs on different gas chromatography (GC) capillary columns. The main objective of this study was to separate a mixture of 29 purified and characterized oxidation products from sito-, campe- and stigmasterol using GC capillary columns with different polarity. For the first time in the area of POPs analysis, the separation efficiency of the combination of two capillary GC columns with different polarities was investigated.

Golf: a high intensity interval activity for elderly men.

Background And Aims: The aim was to quantify the time spent at different exercise intensities for male golfers, in relation to age, while walking a "normal" 18-hole golf course.

Methods: 19 healthy male golfers (six 27 (5) years old, seven of 50 (7) and six of 75 (4) years) performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill (maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate were measured). Within one week, they played an "average" 18-hole course starting at 7:00 a.

Comparison of triticonazole dissipation after seed or soil treatment.

This study examined the long-term fate of the fungicide triticonazole (TTZ; 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cydopentanol) applied at a normal field dose (8.9 g ha(-1)) via seed treatment, which is the normal alternative in practice. The TTZ was applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Degeneration pattern of human first-order cochlear neurons.

In the present study, quantitative analysis of the cochlear neurons in the osseous spiral lamina, the modiolus and the internal auditory canal of the same cochlea was performed. Forty-five temporal bones were obtained from 25 patients and prepared by means of microdissection. Ten patients had age-related normal hearing (ARNH) assuming that the 5 children without audiogram had normal hearing.

Attic aeration in temporal bones from children with recurring otitis media: tympanostomy tubes did not cure disease in Prussak's space.

Hypothesis: Blockage of the aeration pathways to the attic may cause circumscribed or widespread alterations that are difficult to diagnose clinically. The narrow route via the posterior pouch to Prussak's space is especially vulnerable to obstruction in recurring otitis media.

Background: Recent studies of the epitympanic diaphragm and compartments have clarified the anatomy of the attic aeration and drainage pathways and emphasized the role of their patency in the healing process of middle ear infections.

Epitympanic compartment surgical considerations: reevaluation.

The epitympanic compartments and the anatomy of the atticotympanic diaphragm were examined in a pair of serially sectioned temporal bones with secretory otitis media and chronic otitis media, respectively. Findings confirmed reports of 19th century scientists in that Prussak's space has a wide connection to the mesotympanum through the posterior pouch of Tröltsch and may have an additional narrow passage in its roof to the lateral malleal space. The lateral incudomalleal fold regularly separates the upper lateral attic from the lower lateral attic and the mesotympanum.

Cochlear vascular pathology and hydrops in otosclerosis.

Three ears with otosclerosis were found incidentally in a series of human temporal bones examined to evaluate cochlear sensorineural degeneration. Otosclerosis was identified with microdissection, surface preparation technique and transmission electron microscopy. Vascular abnormalities were present in all ears, and otosclerosis involved the cochlear endosteum extensively, mainly in the scala tympani of the basal turn.

Morphological features of human Reissner's membrane.

Light and electromicroscopic investigations of Reissner's membrane were undertaken on 10 cochleae from 6 patients with normal hearing for their age. The membrane consisted of two layers, an epithelium and a mesothelium separated by a basement membrane. The mesothelium was formed by a single thin layer which was intermittently discontinuous.

Human Reissner's membrane in patients with age-related normal hearing and with sensorineural hearing loss.

Morphological features of Reissner's membrane were investigated in 6 patients with age-related normal hearing (ARNH) and in 4 with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) stemming from various causes. The membrane consisted of an epithelium, a basement membrane and a mesothelium with melanocytes. There were two major forms of epithelial cells: flat and rounded.

Morphometric analysis of the cochlear nerve in man.

Fiber diameters were analyzed in the meatal segment of the cochlear nerve from 7 temporal bones obtained from 7 patients. Two patients had normal hearing for their age. Two had sustained noise exposure and one had presbyacusis of predominantly neural type.