Experience and trust: the benefits of mate familiarity are realized through sex-specific specialization of parental roles in Cassin's auklet.

Maintaining a pair bond year after year (perennial monogamy) often enhances reproductive success, but what familiar pairs are doing differently to improve success is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that endocrine changes mediate improvements in parental attendance in known-age Cassin's auklets , for which we found limited evidence. Instead, we found sex-specific parental roles in familiar pairs.

Workforce Analysis of Laryngologists in the United States Between 1993 and 2022.

Introduction: This study queries the US laryngology workforce geographic distribution and density and models laryngology workforce trends through 2050.

Methods: A national database of fellowship-trained laryngologists (FTLs) and nonfellowship-trained laryngologists (nFTLs) practicing primarily laryngology was formed by identifying laryngologists via internet search, with validation by regional laryngologists and senior laryngologists on this manuscript. Demographic variables included residency and/or fellowship graduation year, institutional affiliation, and practice zip code.

Inter-rater and Intra-rater Reliability of Glottal Image Capture: A Mobile Application to Quantify Vocal Fold Bowing.

Background: Age-related vocal atrophy (ARVA) causes vocal fold bowing, impacting communication and quality of life. The assessment of vocal fold bowing is largely subjective. Glottal Image Capture (GlottIC) is a new mobile application that helps quantify vocal fold bowing.

Novel In-Office KTP Laser Treatment of Anterior Glottic Webs.

Objective: Acquired anterior glottic webs are the result of trauma, iatrogenic, radiation, or inflammation to the anterior commissure, resulting in narrowing of the airway and elevated pitch. They are very challenging to treat, and contemporary management strategies typically involve repeat procedures under general anesthesia with high rates of web recurrence. We aim to describe a novel treatment for anterior glottic webs with potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser treatment that are performed in-office under topical anesthesia.

An interactive dashboard for analyzing user interaction patterns in the i2b2 clinical data warehouse.

Background: Clinical data warehouses provide harmonized access to healthcare data for medical researchers. Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) is a well-established open-source solution with the major benefit that data representations can be tailored to support specific use cases. These data representations can be defined and improved via an iterative approach together with domain experts and the medical researchers using the platform.

People experience similar intrusions about past and future autobiographical negative experiences.

We know much about people's problematic reactions-such as distressing intrusions-to negative, stressful, or traumatic events. But emerging evidence suggests people react similarly to negative and potentially-traumatic events. Given similar processes underlie remembering the past and imagining the future more generally, we wondered how similar involuntary memories, or intrusions, are for experienced vs.

Tracking provenance in clinical data warehouses for quality management.

Introduction: Data provenance, which documents the origin, history, and transformations of data, can enhance the reproducibility of processing workflows and help to address errors and quality issues. In this work, we focus on tracking and utilizing provenance information as part of quality management in Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) processes used to build clinical data warehouses.

Methods: We designed and implemented a framework that automatically tracks how data flows through an ETL process and detects errors and quality problems during processing.

Gender and Racial Demographic Trends in the US Laryngology Workforce (1993-2022).

Objectives: To analyze demographic trends in laryngology fellowship training in the United States from 1993 to 2022, comparing periods before and after formalization of the fellowship within the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) in 2012.

Methods: A national database of fellowship-trained laryngologists (FTLs) and non-fellowship-trained laryngologists (nFTLs) practicing primarily laryngology was created by methodically compiling laryngologists via Internet search, with corroboration by regional laryngologists and vetting by senior laryngologists on this manuscript. Demographic variables included residency and/or fellowship graduation year, gender, race and ethnicity inferred through individuals' photos and surnames.

Early Oral Step-Down Versus Continued Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection.

Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) require a combined tactic, of source control and antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral step-down antimicrobial therapy in cIAIs after initial intravenous (IV) antimicrobial therapy. This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with a cIAI who received more than seven days of IV therapy from March 2017 to October 2021.

Revisiting the etiology and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic polyps of the vocal fold.

Objective: Benign phonotraumatic lesions of the vocal folds (BVFLs) are typically seen in younger female patients with high vocal loads. Hemorrhagic polyps (HPs) do not fit the classic paradigm of most BVFLs, as they tend to occur in an older population, have a male predominance, and report to result from a vocal accident. We present one of the largest cohorts of HPs, to reexamine their etiology and clinical features.

Laryngology Postgraduate Workforce Trends and Job Satisfaction: A Survey of US Academic and Nonacademic Laryngologists.

Objective: To determine postgraduate job selection, percentage of career movement, factors influencing these decisions, and job satisfaction of laryngologists within academic and nonacademic fields.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Nonacademic and academic laryngology practices across the United States.

"Lives versus livelihoods": Conflict and coherence between policy objectives in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Many policies were put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States to manage the negative impact of the coronavirus. Limiting severe illness and death was one important objective of these policies, but it is widely acknowledged by public health ethicists that pandemic policies needed to consider other factors. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 38 people across 17 states who participated in the state-level COVID-19 pandemic policy process, we examine how those actors recounted their engagement with four different objectives over the course of the pandemic: protecting public health with respect to COVID-19 (which we refer to as pathogen-focused disease prevention), protecting the economy, promoting the public's broader health and wellbeing, and preserving and restoring individual freedoms.

Prospective Outcomes After Serial Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection in Vocal Fold Scar and Sulcus.

Objective: Vocal fold scar and sulcus pose significant treatment challenges with no current optimal treatment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous concentration of growth factors, holds promise for regenerating the superficial lamina propria. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of serial PRP injections on mucosal wave restoration and vocal function.

Identification of common textile microplastics autofluorescence spectroscopy coupled with k-means cluster analysis.

Microplastics are an emerging anthropogenic pollutant risk with a significant body of research dedicated to understanding the implications further. To generate the databases required to characterize the impact of microplastics on our environment, and improve recovery and recycling of current plastic materials, we need rapid, in-line characterization that can distinguish individual polymer types. Here, autofluorescence spectroscopy was investigated as an alternative characterization method to the current leading techniques based on vibrational spectroscopy.

TrachGPT: Appraisal of tracheostomy care recommendations from an artificial intelligent Chatbot.

Objective: Safe home tracheostomy care requires engagement and troubleshooting by patients, who may turn to online, AI-generated information sources. This study assessed the quality of ChatGPT responses to such queries.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ChatGPT was prompted with 10 hypothetical tracheostomy care questions in three domains (complication management, self-care advice, and lifestyle adjustment).

Representativeness of U.S. News & World Report Outcome and Volume Measures for Otolaryngology.

Although outcomes account for 45% of the total ranking score in otolaryngology in the 2023-2024 U.S. News Best Hospitals rankings, little attention has been paid to the representativeness of their outcomes or volume analyses.

Discovery of genomic loci for liver health and steatosis reveals overlap with glutathione redox genetics.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition in the United States, encompassing a wide spectrum of liver pathologies including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Despite its high prevalence, there are no medications currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of NAFLD. Recent work has suggested that NAFLD has a strong genetic component and identifying causative genes will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to NAFLD and yield targets for future therapeutic investigations.

Methylene blue dose-dependently induces cutaneous inflammation and heat hyperalgesia in a novel rat model.

Methylene blue (MB) has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in vasoplegic patients after cardiac surgery. Though MB is considered to be safe, extravasation of MB leading to cutaneous toxicity has been reported. In this study, we sought to characterize MB-induced cutaneous toxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Resilient forward osmosis membranes against microplastics fouling enhanced by MWCNTs/UiO-66-NH hybrid nanoparticles.

The escalating presence of microplastics (MPs) in wastewater necessitates the investigation of effective tertiary treatment process. Forward osmosis (FO) emerges as an effective non-pressurized membrane process, however, for the effective implementation of FO systems, the development of fouling-resistance FO membranes with high-performance is essential. This study focuses on the integration of MWCNT/UiO-66-NH as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites in thin film composite (TFC) FO membranes, harnessing the synergistic power of hybrid nanoparticles in FO membranes.