Copper-Catalyzed -Heteroannulation of [60]Fullerene with Aryl Sulfonamides and Paraformaldehyde: Synthesis and Functionalization of [60]Fullerene-Fused Imidazolidines.

The Cu(II)-catalyzed -heteroannulation reaction of [60]fullerene (C) with aryl sulfonamides and paraformaldehyde has been disclosed for the synthesis of diverse C-fused imidazolidines, of which one or both of the ArSO moieties could be removed selectively. Further transformations into the unexpected bicyclic 1,2,3,4-adduct and C-fused imidazolidinium iodide salt have also been demonstrated. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of control experiments.

Gene-modified NK cells expressing CD64 and preloaded with HIV-specific BNAbs target autologous HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells by ADCC.

Natural killer (NK) cells can efficiently mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of antibody coated target cells via the low-affinity Fc-receptor, CD16, but cannot retain antibodies over time. To increase antibody retention and facilitate targeted ADCC, we genetically modified human NK cells with the high-affinity Fc receptor, CD64, so that we could preload them with HIV-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) and enhance their capacity to target HIV-infected cells via ADCC. Purified NK cells from the peripheral blood of control donors or persons living with HIV were activated with interleukin (IL)-2/IL-15/IL-21 cytokines and transduced with a lentivirus encoding CD64.

Ammonium chloride mitigates the amplification of fish virus by blocking autophagy-dependent replication.

Ammonia fertilizer, primarily composed of ammonium chloride, is widely used in pond fish farming throughout Asia. Despite the belief that it possesses antiviral properties, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has been demonstrated to act as a potent inhibitor of autophagy, which is used by many fish viruses to promote their proliferation during infection.

Epidemiology of Coronary Atherosclerosis Among People Living With HIV in Uganda : A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Data on the prevalence of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) in the African region among people with and without HIV are lacking.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of CAD in Uganda and determine whether well-controlled HIV infection is associated with increased presence or severity of CAD.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Heterogeneous cellular responses to hyperthermia support combined intraperitoneal hyperthermic immunotherapy for ovarian cancer mouse models.

The benefit of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in ovarian cancer remains controversial, hindering the development of rational combination therapies based on hyperthermia (HT). This study reports the preliminary results of the neoadjuvant HIPEC (NHIPEC) trial (ChiCTR2000038173), demonstrating enhanced tumor response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer with NHIPEC. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we identified both homogeneous and heterogeneous cellular responses to HT within the tumor and microenvironment.

RTF1 mediates epigenetic control of Th17 cell differentiation via H2B monoubiquitination.

A gene encoding the transcription factor RTF1 has been associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we investigated its function in modulating T cells expressing interleukin-17A (Th17 cells), a cardinal cell type promoting intestinal inflammation. Our results indicate that Rtf1 deficiency disrupts the differentiation of Th17 cells, while leaving regulatory T cells (Treg) unaffected.

Assessing the global dengue burden: Incidence, mortality, and disability trends over three decades.

Background: Dengue, the fastest-spreading vector-borne disease (VBD), significantly burdens global health systems. This study analyzed the trends in the global burden of dengue from 1990 to 2021, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021).

Methodology/principal Findings: We retrieved data from GBD 2021 regarding dengue, including the number of incidences and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the number of deaths and age-standardized death rate (ASDR), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and age-standardized DALYs.

Optical Flow-Enhanced Mamba U-Net for Cardiac Phase Detection in Ultrasound Videos.

The detection of cardiac phase in ultrasound videos, identifying end-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) frames, is a critical step in assessing cardiac function, monitoring structural changes, and diagnosing congenital heart disease. Current popular methods use recurrent neu ral networks to track dependencies over long sequences for cardiac phase detection, but often overlook the short-term motion of cardiac valves that sonographers rely on. In this paper, we propose a novel optical flow-enhanced Mamba U-net framework, designed to utilize both short-term motion and long-term dependencies to detect the cardiac phase in ultrasound videos.

LST1 expression correlates with immune infiltration and predicts poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia.

Clinical management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) poses significant challenges due to its poor prognosis and heterogeneous nature. Discovering new biomarkers is crucial for improving risk assessment and customizing treatment approaches. While leukocyte-specific transcript 1 (LST1) is implicated in inflammation and immune regulation, its function in AML remains ambiguous.

New Polyhydroxysteroids Derivatives from Starfish Asterias amurensis Induce Embryotoxicity in Marine Medaka.

In recent years, multiple population outbreaks of the Northern Pacific starfish (Asterias amurensis) have been documented off the coast of Qingdao. Starfish use chemosensation to regulate their life history and interactions with the environment, with their secondary metabolites serving as deterrents and dispersal agents against predators. While the eggs of marine fish are passive and susceptible, we hypothesized that the secondary metabolites of A.

An electrochromism-equipped enzymatic biofuel cell system combined with hollow microneedle array for self-powered glucose sensing in interstitial fluid.

A disposable, self-powered enzymatic biofuel cell (BFC) sensor integrated with a hollow microneedle array (HMNA) for glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid (ISF) is reported. The HMNA enables painless and minimally invasive ISF extraction. The BFC uses dehydrogenase (GDH) in conjunction with NAD, diaphorase (DI), and vitamin K (VK) serving as electron transfer mediators as the anode catalyst and Prussian blue (PB) as the electrochromic cathode.

Overlooked Role of Photogenerated Holes in Persistent Free Radical Formation on Hematite.

Persistent free radicals (PFRs) have garnered considerable attention due to their long lifetime and high reactivity. However, the roles of photogenerated carriers in PFR formation remain underexplored. We compared and analyzed the PFR formation on hematite-SiO loaded catechol, combining experimental and theoretical investigations.

Multi-omics uncover acute stress vulnerability through gut-hypothalamic communication in ducks.

1. The avian gut hosts a complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem, which is essential for regulating host organ function. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the hypothalamic axis in acute stress vulnerability in ducks remains unclear.

Magnetically targeted delivery of probiotics for controlled residence and accumulation in the intestine.

The effectiveness of orally delivered probiotics in treating gastrointestinal diseases is restricted by inadequate gut retention. In this study, we present a magnetically controlled strategy for probiotic delivery, which enables controlled accumulation and residence of probiotics in the intestine. The magnetically controlled probiotic is established by attaching amino-modified iron oxide (FeO-NH NPs) to polydopamine-coated GG (LGG@P) through electrostatic self-assembly and named as LGG@P@FeO.

Nanozyme-Based Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Resistance to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy.

Nanozymes, which are nanomaterials that replicate the catalytic activities of natural enzymes in biological systems, have recently demonstrated considerable potential in improving cancer immunotherapy by altering the tumor microenvironment. Nanozyme-driven immune responses represent an innovative therapeutic modality with high effectiveness and minimal side effects. These nanozymes activate the immune system to specifically recognize and destroy cancer cells.

New Insight into the Mechanism of Neurochemical Imbalance in Multiple Sclerosis: Abnormal Transportation of Brain Extracellular Space.

Neurochemical imbalance is a contributing factor to neurological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). The matured myelin sheath is crucial for substance transportation within the extracellular space (ECS) and for maintaining local homeostasis. Therefore, we hypothesize that disturbed ECS transportation following demyelinating lesions might lead to neurochemical imbalance in MS.

Breast neurotization along with breast reconstruction after nipple sparing mastectomy enhances quality of life and reduces denervation symptoms in patient reported outcome: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Persistent postoperative sensory loss significantly limits breast reconstruction following mastectomy. In addition, the absence of sensation profoundly impacts patients' physical well-being and overall quality of life. New surgical techniques involving nerve autograft intercostal nerve elongation have been introduced to neurotize reconstructed breasts.

Enhanced Hot/Free Electron Effect for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Based on 3D/2D Graphene/MXene Composite.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting represents a promising strategy to store solar energy as chemical energy. Current photocatalysts primarily focus on traditional semiconductor materials, such as metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, g-CN, etc. However, these materials often suffer from large bandgap and fast charge recombination, which limit sunlight utilization and result in unsatisfactory photon conversion efficiency.

Green-Solvent-Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability through Molecular Design and Side-Chain Engineering.

Green-solvent-processed all-polymer solar cells (AP-SCs) are regarded as an excellent candidate for renewable energy due to their better stability and eco-friendly features. Two polymers, PYF-U and PYF-BO, have been designed by introducing a Y-series derivative with difluoro-substituted dicyanindenone units and a difluorobenzotriazole derivative as the first and second electron-deficient (A) units, respectively. The introduction of two additional F atoms on dicyanindenone units leads to a more coplanar backbone because of noncovalent interactions.

Negative Enthalpy Doping Stabilizes P2-Type Oxides Cathode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

P2-type NaNiMnO (NNMO) as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) largely suffers from continuous accumulation of local stress caused by destructive structural evolution and irreversible oxygen loss upon cycling, leading to rapid capacity degradation. Herein, a strategy of negative enthalpy doping (NED), wherein transition metal (TM) sites are substituted with 0.01 mol each Sn, Sb, Cu, Ti, Mg, and Zn to increase the stability of the TM layers, is proposed.

A Z-Scheme Heterojunction g-CN/WO for Efficient Photodegradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Rhodamine B.

The construction of heterojunctions can effectively inhibit the rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in photocatalysts and offers great potential for pollutant degradation. In this study, a Z-scheme heterojunction g-CN/WO photocatalyst was synthesized using a combination of hydrothermal and calcination methods. The photocatalytic degradation performance was tested under visible light; the degradation efficiency of Rh B reached 97.

Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-GaO for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection.

Gallium oxide (GaO), an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor, is an ideal material for solar-blind photodetectors, but challenges such as low responsivity and response speed persist. In this paper, one-dimensional (1D) GaO nanorods were designed to achieve high photodetection performance due to their effective light absorption and light field confinement. Through modulating source concentration, pH value, temperature, and reaction time, 1D β-GaO nanorods were controllably fabricated using a cost-effective hydrothermal method, followed by post-annealing.

Enhanced FGF21 Delivery via Neutrophil-Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Improves Therapeutic Efficacy for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Acute myocardial infarction, a leading cause of death globally, is often associated with cardiometabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic treatment of these disorders can improve cardiac outcomes, as exemplified by the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a novel metabolic regulator, plays pivotal roles in lipid mobilization and energy conversion, reducing lipotoxicity, inflammation, mitochondrial health, and subsequent tissue damage in organs such as the liver, pancreas, and heart.

Design Strategies of S Molecule Cathodes for Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries.

Sodium-sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium-sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards.