Performance Risks During Surface Extravehicular Activity and Potential Mitigation Using Multimodal Displays.

Surface extravehicular activity (sEVA) will be a critical component of future human missions to the Moon. sEVA presents novel risks to astronaut crews not associated with microgravity operations due to fundamental differences in task demands, physiology, environment, and operations of working on the lunar surface. Multimodal spacesuit informatics displays have been proposed as a method of mitigating sEVA risk by increasing operator autonomy.

Estimation of Subjectively Reported Trust, Mental Workload, and Situation Awareness Using Unobtrusive Measures.

Objective: We use a set of unobtrusive measures to estimate subjectively reported trust, mental workload, and situation awareness (henceforth "TWSA").

Background: Subjective questionnaires are commonly used to assess human cognitive states. However, they are obtrusive and usually impractical to administer during operations.

NUAK1 promotes organ fibrosis via YAP and TGF-β/SMAD signaling.

Fibrosis is a central pathway that drives progression of multiple chronic diseases, yet few safe and effective clinical antifibrotic therapies exist. In most fibrotic disorders, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-driven scarring is an important pathologic feature and a key contributor to disease progression. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are two closely related transcription cofactors that are important for coordinating fibrogenesis after organ injury, but how they are activated in response to tissue injury has, so far, remained unclear.

Myofibroblast YAP/TAZ activation is a key step in organ fibrogenesis.

Fibrotic diseases account for nearly half of all deaths in the developed world. Despite its importance, the pathogenesis of fibrosis remains poorly understood. Recently, the two mechanosensitive transcription cofactors YAP and TAZ have emerged as important profibrotic regulators in multiple murine tissues.

Patient-specific computational biomechanics of the brain without segmentation and meshing.

Motivated by patient-specific computational modelling in the context of image-guided brain surgery, we propose a new fuzzy mesh-free modelling framework. The method works directly on an unstructured cloud of points that do not form elements so that mesh generation is not required. Mechanical properties are assigned directly to each integration point based on fuzzy tissue classification membership functions without the need for image segmentation.

High throughput paper spray mass spectrometry analysis.

Background: Fast analysis of chemicals in samples of complex mixtures is important for many analytical applications including therapeutic drug monitoring and food safety screening.

Methods: Based on the paper spray technology developed recently, a high throughput device was developed in this work and used for evaluation of the fast quantitative analysis using paper spray mass spectrometry.

Results: The performance of the method was characterized with bovine blood samples spiked with sunitinib and nicotine.