Bone mineral density in weight lifters.

The effect of intense physical training on the bone mineral content (BMC) and soft tissue composition, and the development of these values after cessation of the active career, was studied in 40 nationally or internationally ranked male weight lifters. Nineteen were active and 21 had retired from competition sports. Fifty-two age- and sex-matched nonweight lifters served as controls.

Bone mineral mass in hip fracture patients.

The aims of this study were to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) and some anthropometric variables in patients with hip fracture, to compare these data with those from controls, and to compare the fractured and unfractured hip. Bone mineral measurements with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were undertaken in 93 consecutive hip fracture patients, 26 men and 67 women, with a mean age of 75 and 78 years, respectively, within 10 days after injury. We found lower BMD in most measurements in both men and women compared with age- and sex-matched controls.

Bone mass--a marker of biologic age?

One thousand one hundred ninety-two subjects who had the bone mineral content (BMC) of their forearm measured during the period spanning 1970-1976 were followed to 1985. At that time, 489 had died. Those who died had a lower BMC of the forearm at the time of the measurement than did the survivors.

Fractures of the distal end of the radius in young adults: a 30-year follow-up.

76 patients were examined clinically and radiologically 27 to 36 years after a fracture of the distal radius. The average age was 31 years at the time of injury and 63 years at follow-up. In 81% of the patients there was no difference between the fractured and the non-fractured side.

Therapeutic strategies in the prevention of hip fracture with drugs affecting bone metabolism.

This is increasing evidence that interventions with drugs affecting bone metabolism decrease the risk of hip fracture. The use of such agents is increasing in Europe, and there is a need to develop the strategies for optimum means of intervention. This paper assesses the impact of the increasing use of such agents on hip fracture outcome using several sets of assumptions.

Osteoarthritis protects against femoral neck fracture: the MEDOS study experience.

The relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis (hip fracture) was studied using the data from the MEDOS study, a large prospective epidemiological study of femoral neck fracture patients and age-matched controls in the Mediterranean area. Osteoarthritis was found to be protective against hip fracture in both men and women, with a significant reduction of the relative risk factor for osteoporosis (relative risk = 0.48 and 0.

Methodology of MEDOS multicentre study of hip fracture incidence: validity and relevance considerations.

The Mediterranean osteoporosis (MEDOS) study was carried out in 14 centres from six countries in Southern Europe to determine the incidence rates and risk factors associated with hip fracture over the age of 50 years. This paper discusses both the validity and relevance of the data, that is, whether the number of collected cases of hip fracture and the size and age distribution of the population are representative of the population as a whole, and whether the incidence measures used in the study are suitable for comparing the risk of hip fracture between populations and for predicting future risk within populations. Five measures of risk were assessed at each centre: crude incidence over the age of 50 years; age-standardised incidence; risk increase/fracture doubling time by age; computed incidence at 50 years; and excess morbidity.

Incidence of hip fractures in Malmö, Sweden (1950-1991).

In a 24-year sub-sample taken from a 42-year period of study (1950-1991), hip fracture incidence was analysed from a defined catchment area within one hospital. During this time, 8,256 hip fractures occurred in a generated risk population of 1,915,571 person-years. Crude incidence increased three-fold in women and five-fold in men.

Hip fracture in Malmö over three decades.

The incidence of hip fracture in the city of Malmö, Sweden, has increased from the 1950s to the 1980s, a trend also seen in other industrialised cities. The population of Malmö was studied during the 1980s and compared with that during the 1950s, as described by Alffram (1964). Marked changes were seen in the social structure and the percentage of elderly in the city of Malmö, and there was evidence that a more sedentary life-style is led today.

Orthopaedic management of hip fracture.

The MEDOS study was a prospective, multicentre study of the incidence of hip fractures, carried out in six Mediterranean countries over a 12-month period (1988-1989). The majority of hip fractures recorded were extra-capsular and usually required a stable internal fixation to avoid instability and deformation or pseudoarthrosis. Surgery was performed in the majority of cases (85% of extra-capsular fractures and 84% of intra-capsular fractures), although this proportion also varied between centres.

Evidence for efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in preventing hip fracture.

Objective: To examine the effects of taking drugs affecting bone metabolism on the risk of hip fracture in women aged over 50 years.

Design: Retrospective, population based, case-control study by questionnaire.

Setting: 14 centres in six countries in southern Europe.

The apparent incidence of hip fracture in Europe: a study of national register sources.

The objective of this study was to examine the apparent incidence of hip fracture from discharge rates in European countries. A request was sent to the Ministries of Health in all European countries, asking for the number of hip fracture patients by age and sex, between the years 1983 and 1985. Seventeen countries responded.

Differences in fracture pattern between an urban and a rural population: a comparative population-based study in southern Sweden.

Differences in the incidence of hip fractures have been reported between urban and rural areas. In this population-based study the characteristics of fracture patterns between the city of Malmö and the nearby rural district of Sjöbo were compared. A total of 782 individuals in Malmö and 486 in Sjöbo were invited to participate.

Bone mineral content in women: trends of change.

Altogether 426 women had their forearm bone mineral content (BMC) measured with single photon absorptiometry (SPA): one group in the early 1970s, another about 18 years later. Both groups represented purportedly healthy subjects. A third group of 328 women, measured at the same time as the second group, was from the same population but chosen by random selection (the population-based group).

The articular cartilage after osteotomy for medial gonarthrosis. Biopsies after 2 years in 19 cases.

In 19 consecutive patients with medial gonarthrosis, an arthroscopic examination with a biopsy of the load-bearing cartilage in the medial femoral condyle was undertaken at the same time as a proximal tibial osteotomy. A follow-up arthroscopic biopsy was performed on an average of 2 years after the osteotomy. In 9 knees there was an improvement in the cartilage quality, 8 knees were unchanged, whereas 2 knees had deteriorated.

Earlier wrist fracture: a confounding factor in distal forearm bone screening.

Thirty-six women aged 60, 70 or 80 years who had fractured one of their distal radii (Colles' fracture) 0 to 35 (median 10) years earlier were examined in this population-based study. Single photon measurements (SPA) were performed on both arms 1 cm and 6 cm proximal to the styloid process of the ulna. All women were questioned about earlier wrist fractures and which, if any, side had been affected.

Effects of physical activity on bone mineral content and muscle strength in women: a cross-sectional study.

Physical exercise is known to increase bone mass in men, whereas the effect is less predictable in women. In this cross-sectional report, effects of physical activity on women aged 38-64 years are studied. Bone mass and muscle strength were compared between 30 regularly exercising women jogging only once a week for at least three years and an equal number of controls matched for age.

Fracture risk in patients with parkinsonism: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

In this population-based retrospective cohort study, the 138 Olmsted County, Minnesota residents first diagnosed with Parkinson's disease during 1967-79 were matched by age and sex to an equal number of control subjects from the community. Fractures were assessed through review of each subject's complete (inpatient and outpatient) medical records. At the time of diagnosis, County residents with parkinsonism were no more likely to have a history of selected fractures than control subjects (32% in each group).

Somatic versus nonsomatic shoulder and back pain experience in middle age in relation to body build, physical fitness, bone mineral content, gamma-glutamyltransferase, occupational workload, and psychosocial factors.

This study selected 205 subjects aged 55 years who had shoulder and/or back pain complaints to determine the relationship of somatic and nonsomatic pain experience to body build, physical fitness, bone mineral content, serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, occupational workload and intelligence test, educational level, life success, social support, stress at work, monotonous work, and job decision latitude. Men with a somatic back pain drawing experienced more stress at work and had higher serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, indicating a higher intake of alcohol and/or painkillers, but were more satisfied with their jobs compared with men who had a nonsomatic pain drawing. Women with obvious shoulder signs and symptoms and/or a somatic back pain drawing tended heavier than women without symptoms, had higher serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, and found their jobs more mentally demanding than did women with shoulder and/or back pain experience but without obvious shoulder signs and symptoms and/or a nonsomatic back pain drawing.

The predictive value of bone loss for fragility fractures in women: a longitudinal study over 15 years.

Fifteen years after their forearm bone mineral content was measured, 366 women were measured again with the same single photon technique. 96 of the women had sustained one or more fragility fractures during that period. The initial bone mineral content was less in those women who were to have fractures.

Synthetic human calcitonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

A placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out over 4 months to evaluate two doses of synthetic human calcitonin (0.25 and 0.125 mg) given s.

The impact of menopausal age on future fragility fracture risk.

Altogether 733 postmenopausal women were interviewed with regard to their age at menopause. Subsequent fragility fractures over an 11 year period were recorded. Fragility fractures had occurred in 212 women.