Professional baseball pitchers produce similar ball velocity and kinematics when pitching from the wind-up and stretch deliveries: a biomechanical analysis.

Historically, the wind-up delivery is considered a more biomechanically advantageous pitching motion compared to the stretch. Recently, some pitchers have shifted to pitching exclusively from the stretch regardless of the game situation. The goal of this study was to compare temporal, kinematic and kinetic variables between the wind-up and stretch deliveries.

Anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty? How fellowship training affects selection of arthroplasty type.

Background: Although both anatomic (ATSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) have been popularized as a means of treating individuals with degenerative shoulder conditions, the indications for each can vary widely among providers. Although surgeons with differing fellowship training commonly perform these procedures, it is not understood how fellowship training influences choice of implant.

Methods: A national database was queried to identify surgeons performing ATSA and rTSA.

Geniculate Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis Improves Pain and Function at Short-Term Follow-Up With Significant Procedural Heterogeneity Described Across the Literature: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To evaluate procedural heterogeneity, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and complications following geniculate artery embolization (GAE) for knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception to August 2023 according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Human clinical studies reporting PROs following GAE for treatment of knee OA were included, and a qualitative comparison across PROs, procedural descriptions, and complications was performed.

Preoperative factors predict prolonged length of stay, serious adverse complications, and readmission following operative intervention of proximal humerus fractures: a machine learning analysis of a national database.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are a common injury, predominantly affecting older adults. This study aimed to develop risk-prediction models for prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS), serious adverse complications, and readmission within 30 days of surgically treated proximal humerus fractures using machine learning (ML) techniques.

Methods: Adult patients (age >18) who underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty, or total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture between 2016 and 2021 were included.

Publicly Available Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Rehabilitation Protocols Show High Variability and Frequent Divergence from the 2020 ASSET Recommendations.

Background: In 2020, the American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists (ASSET) published an evidence-based consensus statement outlining postoperative rehabilitation guidelines following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (1) quantify the variability in online anatomic TSA rehabilitation protocols, and (2) assess their congruence with the ASSET consensus guidelines.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional investigation of publicly available, online rehabilitation protocols for anatomic TSA.

How fellowship training affects complication rate after shoulder arthroplasty: a nationwide assessment.

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty is performed by orthopedic surgeons with various fellowship training backgrounds. Whether surgeons performing shoulder arthroplasty with different types of fellowship training have differing rates of complications and reoperation remains unknown.

Methods: The PearlDiver Mariner database was retrospectively queried from the years 2010 to 2022.

Meniscal Radial Tears: A Classification System Based on Tear Morphology.

Appropriate management of radial meniscal tears is complex, with continued efforts focused on optimizing diagnostic methods for identification to help dictate treatment, especially as surgical indications for repair have expanded, coupled with improvements in surgical techniques and instrumentation. Currently, no standardized classification system for radial meniscal tears exists, limiting the ability to accurately characterize injury patterns and guide surgical decision-making.

Analysis of patient-directed search content and online resource quality for ulnar collateral ligament injury and surgery.

Background: Patients use the Internet to learn information about injuries, yet online content remains largely unstudied. This study analyzed patient questions posed online regarding ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears or UCL surgical management.

Methods: Three separate search strings about UCL tear and UCL surgery were queried on the Google search engine.

Clinical outcomes, return to sport, and complications after isolated primary Latarjet versus Latarjet as a revision procedure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The purpose of this review was to compare clinical outcomes, return to sport (RTS), and complications in comparative studies examining patients undergoing primary Latarjet procedure versus Latarjet in the revision setting following soft tissue stabilization.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria consisted of level I to III human clinical studies reporting clinical outcomes (Visual Analogue Pain Scale [VAS]), RTS metrics, and complications in patients following primary versus revision Latarjet procedures.

Adverse Events and Complications After Primary ACL Reconstruction With Quadriceps Tendon Autograft: A Systematic Review.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery with quadriceps tendon (QT) grafts, both with and without a patellar bone plug, have gained popularity in recent years in the primary and revision settings. Postoperative complications occur with the use of QT autografts.

Purpose: To systematically review the incidence of postoperative complications after primary ACLR QT autograft and compare complication rates in patients undergoing all-soft tissue QT grafts versus QT grafts with a patellar bone plug (QTPB).

Patient-Directed Online Education for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Release: Analysis of What Patients Ask and Quality of Resources.

Purpose: This study classifies common questions searched by patients from the Google search engine and categorizes the types and quality of online education resources used by patients regarding carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and carpal tunnel release (CTR).

Methods: Google's results were extracted and compiled using the "People also ask" function for frequent questions and associated web pages for CTS and CTR. Questions were categorized using Rothwell's classification with further topic subcategorization.

Custom, 3-Dimensional Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Part 1-Preoperative Assessment, Preoperative Planning, and Guide Design.

Successful total shoulder arthroplasty relies on a multitude of factors specific to patients, implant selection, and surgical technique. Among technical factors, correct intraoperative placement of prosthetic components is paramount. Three-dimensional computed tomography has emerged as a vital tool, allowing surgeons to measure glenoid inclination, glenoid version, and humeral head subluxation more accurately and reproducibly.

Custom, 3-Dimensional Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Part 3-Prosthesis Placement, Subscapularis Repair, and Postoperative Rehabilitation.

The proposed benefits of stemless humeral implants include greater bone preservation, decreased cortical stress shielding, less risk of diaphyseal stress risers, decreased surgical time, and greater ease of implant removal during revision surgery. In part 3 of this comprehensive technique series on the management of glenohumeral arthritis, we present our step-by-step surgical technique for use of a patient-specific 3-dimensionally printed glenoid drill guide, placement of a stemless anatomic total shoulder prosthesis, and subscapularis repair, and we highlight our protocol for postoperative rehabilitation.

Single-Incision Distal Biceps Tendon Repair With Bicortical Tensionable Locking Button Fixation.

Acute, traumatic distal biceps tendon injuries are common among the middle-aged athletic male population. Surgical repair of distal biceps tendon remains the most effective means to restore maximal strength of forearm supination and elbow flexion with relief of antecubital pain. To date, no consensus exists on the optimal fixation method during distal biceps tendon repair and multiple techniques are accepted, including 1- and 2-incision approaches and tendon fixation with suture anchors, transosseous sutures, interference screws, and cortical buttons.

Custom, 3-Dimensional Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Part 2, Dissection and Soft Tissue Management.

During anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, careful dissection and meticulous soft tissue management ensure adequate visualization of the articular and bony surfaces, allowing the proper use of surgical instrumentation and ensuring accurate placement of prosthetic components. Exposure must be balanced with protection of the surrounding soft tissues, as well as neurovascular structures, which can have long-term postoperative implications. In Part 2 of this technique series for the management of glenohumeral osteoarthritis, we describe our technical approach for dissection, exposure, and management of soft tissues in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, including pearls and pitfalls, as well as a discussion of the benefits and risks of the most common approaches.

Concomitant Treatment of High-Grade Cartilage Lesions Mitigates Risk of Meniscal Allograft Transplant Failure.

Purpose: To identify frequently studied significant preoperative risk factors for meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) failure.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were used to conduct this systematic review. The database analysis was performed in May 2022 and included PubMed, Embrace, and Cochrane.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes After Management of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fractures.

Background: There is no consensus regarding the management of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures and the expected outcomes after treatment.

Purpose: To systematically review clinical outcomes and complications after management of tibial-sided avulsion fractures of the PCL.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Radiofrequency Chondroplasty of the Knee Yields Excellent Clinical Outcomes and Minimal Complications: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To evaluate reported clinical outcomes and complications following radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of knee chondral lesions.

Methods: A literature search was performed according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines by querying EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus computerized databases from database inception through October 2022. Level I to IV clinical studies that reported outcomes or complications following RF-based chondroplasty were included.

Radiofrequency-Based Chondroplasty Creates a Precise Area of Targeted Chondrocyte Death With Minimal Necrosis Outside the Target Zone: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To systematically examine the effects of radiofrequency (RF) ablation or coblation (controlled ablation) on chondrocyte viability following knee chondroplasty in preclinical literature to determine the effectiveness and safety of RF-based techniques.

Methods: A literature search was performed in September 2022 using PubMed and Scopus using the following search terms combined with Boolean operators: "chondroplasty," "radiofrequency," "thermal," "knee," "chondral defect," "articular cartilage," and "cartilage." The inclusion criteria consisted of preclinical studies examining the effect of RF ablation or coblation on chondrocytes during knee chondroplasty.

Costs of shoulder and elbow procedures are significantly reduced in ambulatory surgery centers compared to hospital outpatient departments.

Background: Recent literature has shown the advantages of outpatient surgery for many shoulder and elbow procedures, including cost savings with equivalent safety in appropriately selected patients. Two common settings for outpatient surgeries are ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), which function as independent financial and administrative entities, or hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs), which are owned and operated by hospital systems. The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder and elbow surgery costs between ASCs and HOPDs.

Nonoperative Management of Tibial Stress Fractures Result in Higher Return to Sport Rates Despite Increased Failure Versus Operative Management: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To compare return to sport (RTS) rates and complications after nonoperative versus operative management of tibial stress fractures.

Methods: A literature search was conducted per the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus computerized data from database inception to February 2023. Studies evaluating RTS sport rates and complications after nonoperative or operative management of tibial stress fractures were included.

Isolated Primary Latarjet Procedures for Anterior Shoulder Instability Results in High Rates of Graft Resorption and Glenohumeral Degenerative Changes With Low Rates of Failure at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications after an isolated primary Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with 2020 PRISMA guidelines. EMBASE, Scopus, and PubMed databases were queried from database inception through September 2022.