Effects of tibial intraosseous and intravenous administration of Hextend on time of administration and hemodynamics in a hypovolemic swine model.

Objective: To determine if there were significant differences between the tibial intraosseous (TIO) and intravenous (IV) administration of Hextend relative to time and in hemodynamics in a hypovolemic model.

Setting: Vivarium.

Subjects: Yorkshire swine; sample size was based on a power of 80 percent, α of 0.