Cannflavin A inhibits TLR4-induced chemokine and cytokine expression in human macrophages.

Cannflavin A (CFL-A), a flavonoid present in the hemp plant L. (), has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective capacity. Research continues to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of components of , with evidence that plant-derived cannabinoids and terpenes can mediate anti-inflammatory activity by targeting toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, the sensors of pathogen-associated molecules.

Phytocannabinoid-dependent mTORC1 regulation is dependent upon inositol polyphosphate multikinase activity.

Background And Purpose: Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to differentially regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in preclinical models of disease, where it reduces activity in models of epilepsies and cancer and increases it in models of multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychosis. Here, we investigate the effects of phytocannabinoids on mTORC1 and define a molecular mechanism.

Experimental Approach: A novel mechanism for phytocannabinoids was identified using the tractable model system, Dictyostelium discoideum.

Toll-like receptor signalling as a cannabinoid target in Multiple Sclerosis.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the sensors of pathogen-associated molecules that trigger tailored innate immune intracellular signalling responses to initiate innate immune reactions. Data from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model indicates that TLR signalling machinery is a pivotal player in the development of murine EAE. To compound this, data from human studies indicate that complex interplay exists between TLR signalling and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.

MicroRNA: Key regulators of oligodendrocyte development and pathobiology.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that function through binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) targets and downregulating gene expression. miRNAs have been shown to regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, development and apoptosis. Recently, evidence has grown which shows the involvement of miRs in oligodendrocyte (OL) specification and development.