Reduction of Arachidonate Is Associated With Increase in B-Cell Activation Marker in Infants: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Infants who are not breast-fed benefit from formula with both docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4n6). The amount of ARA needed to support immune function is unknown. Infants who carry specific fatty acid desaturase (FADS) polymorphisms may require more dietary ARA to maintain adequate ARA status.

Pretreatment with an intravenous lipid emulsion increases plasma eicosapentanoic acid and downregulates leukotriene b4, procalcitonin, and lymphocyte concentrations after open heart surgery in infants.

Background: The effect of providing a lipid emulsion containing medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), soybean oil, and fish oil in critically ill infants is not widely studied. This study investigated lipid emulsion effects on plasma phospholipids and immune biomarkers.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) were randomized to receive either soybean oil (control, n = 16) or a 50:40:10 mixture of MCT, soybean oil, and fish oil (treatment, n = 16).

Low energy intakes are associated with adverse outcomes in infants after open heart surgery.

Background: Infants with congenital heart lesions who undergo open heart surgery may experience physiologic and metabolic stress in the postoperative period, leading to altered metabolism and hypercatabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between energy intake and hospital outcomes during the first 10 days following neonatal open heart surgery.

Materials And Methods: A post hoc analysis of all patients in a prospective randomized controlled trial was performed.

Pre-treatment with an intravenous lipid emulsion containing fish oil (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) decreases inflammatory markers after open-heart surgery in infants: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background & Aims: This study assessed the effects of administering a lipid emulsion containing eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid before and after open-heart surgery on cytokine production and length of hospital stay in infants.

Methods: Thirty-two infants (40 ± 2.3 weeks gestational age; 10.

Effect of feeding a formula supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for 14 weeks improves the ex vivo response to a mitogen and reduces the response to a soy protein in infants at low risk for allergy.

Background And Objective: Feeding long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) influences immunity in adults; however, less is known about their effect during development. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of feeding LCP on immunity in healthy infants during the first 4 months of life.

Patients And Methods: Formula-fed infants were randomized at View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Feeding a formula supplemented with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids modifies the "ex vivo" cytokine responses to food proteins in infants at low risk for allergy.

Long chain polyunsaturates (LCP) status during the early neonatal period is associated with a reduced risk of atopic symptoms and later allergies. In this study, we characterized the immune response of low-risk, term, formula-fed infants randomized at View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Necrotizing enterocolitis: a multifactorial disease with no cure.

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events, formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear.

Effect of providing a formula supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunity in full-term neonates.

To determine the effect of feeding formula containing long-chain PUFA (LCP) on immune function, healthy term infants were randomised at age 2 weeks to either a standard term formula (Formula; n 14) or the same formula supplemented with the LCP 20 : 4n-6 and 22 : 6n-3 (Formula+LCP; n 16). Peripheral blood was collected at 2 and 6 weeks to measure immune cell response (the rate of [3H]thymidine uptake and cytokine production after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)). Compared with cells from infants receiving only human milk (HM), the rate of [3H]thymidine uptake in response to PHA, but not IL-2 production, was lower for Formula+LCP infants (P < 0.

Growth and development of preterm infants fed infant formulas containing docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid.

Objectives: To evaluate safety and benefits of feeding preterm infants formulas containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) until 92 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), with follow-up to 118 weeks PMA.

Study Design: This double-blinded study of 361 preterm infants randomized across three formula groups: (1) control, no supplementation; (2) algal-DHA (DHA from algal oil, ARA from fungal oil); and (3) fish-DHA (DHA from fish oil, ARA from fungal oil). Term infants breast-fed > or =4 months (n = 105) were a reference group.

Growth, efficacy, and safety of feeding an iron-fortified human milk fortifier.

Objective: Survival rates for preterm infants who weigh between 501 and 1500 g at birth have continued to improve over time. In response to this continuing decrease in birth weight of surviving preterm infants, Enfamil Human Milk Fortifier has recently been reformulated to meet the nutritional requirements of these smaller, more rapidly growing infants. It now provides an increased protein level of 1.