Vein Morphology in Endoscopic Vein Harvesting: 15-Year Outcomes.

Objective: Long-term outcomes of vein morphologies in the endoscopic vein harvesting setting are lacking. We analyzed 15-year follow-up for endoscopic versus open vein harvesting and associated vein morphology outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting at a single center.

Methods: This single-center, prospectively collected, retrospective, observational study evaluated 15-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of endoscopic versus open vein harvesting and associated vein morphologies.

Future regenerative therapies for corneal disease.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight the progress and future direction of stem-cell based regenerative therapies for the treatment of corneal disease.

Recent Findings: Corneal stem cell-based therapies, such as limbal stem cell transplantation, corneal stromal stem cell transplantation, endothelial stem cell transplantation, and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have demonstrated promising results in the laboratory. Although most are still in preclinical development or early phase clinical trials, these stem cell-based therapies hold potential to facilitate tissue regeneration, restore native function, and inhibit pathologic disease processes such as fibrosis, inflammation, and neovascularization.

Reconstruction with Mucosal Graft Reduces Recurrence After Endoscopic Surgery of Rathke Cleft Cyst.

Objectives: Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) arise from the development of the Rathke pouch. Recurrence is common after either drainage or cyst removal. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is increasingly utilized for the management of RCC.

In-Hospital Costs for Open versus Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngioma Resection.

Objective: To determine the in-hospital cost implications of an expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) for craniopharyngioma resection relative to the traditional open transcranial approach.

Methods: All craniopharyngioma surgeries performed at a single institution over a period from January 1st 2001 to October 31th 2017 were evaluated. The electronic medical record was reviewed for patient factors, tumor characteristics, and cost variables associated with each hospital stay and univariate regression analysis was performed using R software.

Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Human Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinoma Cell Line.

Purpose: Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a malignant eyelid tumor of the ocular adnexa that is primarily treated via surgical excision. Few therapies exist in advanced cases, and medical therapy is limited because of our incomplete understanding of SC biology. Herein, we describe a technique to culture human ocular adnexal SC for use as an in vitro model.

Intraoperative molecular imaging clinical trials: a review of 2020 conference proceedings.

Significance: Surgery is often paramount in the management of many solid organ malignancies because optimal resection is a major factor in disease-specific survival. Cancer surgery has multiple challenges including localizing small lesions, ensuring negative surgical margins around a tumor, adequately staging patients by discriminating positive lymph nodes, and identifying potential synchronous cancers. Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) is an emerging potential tool proposed to address these issues.

Fedratinib-induced orbital inflammation.

A 69-year-old man with myelofibrosis presented with a two-day history of left periorbital swelling, blurred vision, and non-radiating dull orbital pain. On examination, there was restricted left-sided extraocular motility with conjunctival injection, chemosis, and periorbital edema. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated left-sided pre- and post-septal fat stranding concerning for orbital cellulitis.

Addition of the Electronic Educational Material to Doctor's Face-to-Face Education Has No Additive Effects on Hypertension Control: A Randomized Single Blind Study.

Background: Patient education is effective for HTN treatment. There are many methods of patient education improving HTN control. Are there additive effects of combination of different educational methods for HTN treatment?

Objective: To assess the effects of addition of the electronic educational material to doctor's face-to-face education for HTN control.

Integrating Differential Gene Expression Analysis with Perturbagen-Response Signatures May Identify Novel Therapies for Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) perturbagen prediction software to identify small molecules that revert pathologic gene signature and alter disease phenotype in orbital adipose stem cells (OASCs) derived from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO).

Methods: Differentially expressed genes identified via RNA sequencing were inputted into LINCS L1000 Characteristic Direction Signature Search Engine (L1000CDS) to predict candidate small molecules to reverse pathologic gene expression. TAO OASC cell lines were treated in vitro with six identified small molecules (Torin-2, PX12, withaferin A, isoliquiritigenin, mitoxantrone, and MLN8054), and expression of key adipogenic and differentially expressed genes was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction after 7 days of treatment.

Mitochondrial targeted therapy with elamipretide (MTP-131) as an adjunct to tumor necrosis factor inhibition for traumatic optic neuropathy in the acute setting.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) can occur following blunt trauma to the orbit and can lead to permanent vision loss. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of elamipretide (MTP-131), a small mitochondrially-targeted tetrapeptide, in conjunction with etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, as neuroprotective agents of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve trauma with sonication-induced TON (SI-TON) in mice. Treatment with intravitreal MTP-131 and subcutaneous etanercept and MTP-131 showed a 21% increase (p < 0.

Intranasal ketamine for acute pain management in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of intranasal analgesic-dose ketamine as compared to intranasal fentanyl for pediatric acute pain.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 2019.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Small-Group Training in Teaching Medical Students Integral Clinical Eye Examination Skills.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive, small-group ophthalmology clinical training session by assessing medical students' self-confidence with eye examination skills and long-term retention of direct ophthalmoscopy skills.

Methods: The second-year medical students participated in a one-time small-group clinical training session that taught essential components of the eye examination. Students reported their confidence with each component in pre- and postsession surveys.

Juvenile angle closure management: The role of lens extraction and goniosynechialysis.

Purpose: Angle closure (AC) is a rare condition in young people. In adults with AC, lens extraction and goniosynechialysis (LE-GSL) are effective in restoring angle anatomy and function. However, the efficacy of LE-GSL is poorly understood in the juvenile population.

Eye-sparing Treatment of Localized Orbital Medulloepithelioma With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation.

A 9-year-old girl presented with a 3-day history of progressive proptosis accompanied by transient discomfort and blurry vision in the OD. MRI revealed a heterogeneously enhancing intraconal lesion that partially encased and displaced the optic nerve. There was no intraocular or intracranial involvement, nor were there signs of distant metastasis.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived chondroprogenitors for cartilage tissue engineering.

The cartilage of joints, such as meniscus and articular cartilage, is normally long lasting (i.e., permanent).

Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for pilocytic astrocytoma: an international multiinstitutional study.

Objective: The current standard initial therapy for pilocytic astrocytoma is maximal safe resection. Radiation therapy is considered for residual, recurrent, or unresectable pilocytic astrocytomas. However, the optimal radiation strategy has not yet been established.

Pre-transplantational Control of the Post-transplantational Fate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cartilage.

Cartilage pellets generated from ectomesenchymal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro eventually show signs of commitment of chondrocytes to hypertrophic differentiation. When transplanted subcutaneously, most of the surviving pellets were fully mineralized by 8 weeks. In contrast, treatment with the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, in vitro resulted in slightly enlarged cartilage pellets containing an increased proportion of proliferating immature chondrocytes that expressed very low levels of hypertrophic/terminally matured chondrocyte-specific genes.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition in the Acute Management of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, in conferring neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and improving visual outcomes after optic nerve trauma with either optic nerve crush (ONC) or sonication-induced traumatic optic neuropathy (SI-TON) in mice.

Methods: Mouse optic nerves were unilaterally subjected to ONC (n = 20) or SI-TON (n = 20). TNF expression was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in optic nerves harvested 6 and 24 hours post ONC (n = 10) and SI-TON (n = 10).

Measuring the impact of trigeminal neuralgia pain: the Penn Facial Pain Scale-Revised.

Background And Objective: The Penn Facial Pain Scale (Penn-FPS) was originally developed as a supplemental module to the Brief Pain Inventory Pain Interference Index (BPI-PII) in order to fully assess the impact of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) pain on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The current objective is to create and establish the content validity of a new stand-alone version of the measure, the Penn-FPS-Revised (Penn-FPS-R).

Methods: Twenty participants (15 USA and 5 UK) with confirmed TN engaged in concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews.

Technique of Whole-Sellar Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cushing Disease: Results from a Multicenter, International Cohort Study.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used to manage patients with Cushing disease (CD) who have failed surgical/medical management. Because many patients with recurrent/persistent CD lack an identifiable adenoma on neuroimaging, whole-sellar SRS has been increasingly used. Thus, we sought to define the outcomes of patients undergoing whole-sellar SRS.

Modern reirradiation for recurrent gliomas can safely delay tumor progression.

Background: Despite advances in modern therapy, high-grade gliomas continue to portend a dismal prognosis and nearly all patients will experience relapse. Unfortunately, salvage options remain limited. In this study, we assessed outcomes for patients with recurrent gliomas treated with reirradiation.

Therapeutic targeting of oncogenic transcription factors by natural products in eye cancer.

Carcinogenesis has a multifactorial etiology, and the underlying molecular pathogenesis is still not entirely understood, especially for eye cancers. Primary malignant intraocular neoplasms are relatively rare, but delayed detection and inappropriate management contribute to poor outcomes. Conventional treatment, such as orbital exenteration, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, alone results in high mortality for many of these malignancies.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cushing Disease: Results of an International, Multicenter Study.

Context: Cushing disease (CD) due to adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors can be a management challenge.

Objective: To better understand the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for CD and define its role in management.

Design: International, multicenter, retrospective cohort analysis.

Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for foramen magnum meningiomas: an international multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE Meningiomas are the most common benign extramedullary lesions of the foramen magnum; however, their optimal management remains undefined. Given their location, foramen magnum meningiomas (FMMs) can cause significant morbidity, and complete microsurgical removal can be challenging. Anterior and anterolateral FMMs carry greater risks with surgery, but they comprise the majority of these lesions.

Operative Strategies to Minimize Complications Following Resection of Pituitary Macroadenomas.

 We sought to identify factors associated with increased length of stay (LOS) and morbidity in patients undergoing resection of pituitary macroadenomas.  We reviewed records of 203 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of a pituitary macroadenoma (mean age = 55.7 [16-88]) years, volume = 11.