Prevalence of Glaucoma Among US Adults in 2022.

Importance: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and, in the US, disproportionately affects people from racial and ethnic minority groups. Glaucoma prevalence has not been estimated for the US in more than a decade, and state- and county-level estimates are not available.

Objective: To estimate glaucoma and vision-affecting glaucoma prevalence by demographic factors and US state and county for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System (VEHSS).

Case Definition for Diagnosed Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in Medicare.

Importance: Lack of a US dementia surveillance system hinders efforts to support and address disparities among persons living with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Objective: To review diagnosis and prescription drug code ADRD identification algorithms to develop and implement case definitions for national surveillance.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify unique International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) and prescription drug codes used by researchers to identify ADRD in administrative records.

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and American Community Survey Estimates of Vision Difficulty Prevalence.

Importance: Inconsistent estimates of self-reported vision impairment across survey sources may cause confusion about the true size of the population with vision problems.

Objective: To explain why the American Community Survey (ACS) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) produce different prevalence estimates for self-reported vision problems in the US, despite using the same question wording.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 ACS and BRFSS using subgroup analysis and decomposition.

Paraneoplastic Calmodulin Kinase-Like Vesicle-Associated Protein (CAMKV) Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Objectives: To report an autoimmune paraneoplastic encephalitis characterized by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody targeting synaptic protein calmodulin kinase-like vesicle-associated (CAMKV).

Methods: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples harboring unclassified antibodies on murine brain-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were screened by human protein microarray. In 5 patients with identical cerebral IFA staining, CAMKV was identified as top-ranking candidate antigen.

The prevalence of bilateral hearing loss in the United States in 2019: a small area estimation modelling approach for obtaining national, state, and county level estimates by demographic subgroup.

Background: The goal of this study was to re-estimate rates of bilateral hearing loss Nationally, and create new estimates of hearing loss prevalence at the U.S. State and County levels.

Framework for fiscal impact analysis of managing initial caries lesions with noninvasive therapies.

Background: Evidence-based noninvasive caries therapies for initial caries lesions are available in the United States. Fundamental differences between noninvasive therapies and the traditional surgical dental approach warrant a study of the financial scalability.

Methods: The financial costs and benefits of fee-for-service clinics and payors were compared across 11 scenarios simulating the treatment of 1,000 initial caries lesions during a 3-year period.

A Mixed-Methods Approach for Evaluating Implementation Processes and Program Costs for a Hypertension Management Program Implemented in a Federally Qualified Health Center.

Team-based care approaches are effective at improving hypertension control and have been used in clinical practice to improve hypertension outcomes. This study implemented and evaluated the Hypertension Management Program (HMP), which was originally developed in a high-resource health setting, in a health system with fewer resources and a patient population disproportionately affected by hypertension. Our objectives were to describe how a health system could adapt HMP to meet their needs and calculate total program costs.

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the US in 2021.

Importance: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults in the US.

Objective: To update estimates of DR and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) prevalence by demographic factors and US county and state.

Data Sources: The study team included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005 to 2008 and 2017 to March 2020), Medicare fee-for-service claims (2018), IBM MarketScan commercial insurance claims (2016), population-based studies of adult eye disease (2001 to 2016), 2 studies of diabetes in youth (2021 and 2023), and a previously published analysis of diabetes by county (2012).

Validity of Administrative Claims and Electronic Health Registry Data From a Single Practice for Eye Health Surveillance.

Importance: Diagnostic information from administrative claims and electronic health record (EHR) data may serve as an important resource for surveillance of vision and eye health, but the accuracy and validity of these sources are unknown.

Objective: To estimate the accuracy of diagnosis codes in administrative claims and EHRs compared to retrospective medical record review.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study compared the presence and prevalence of eye disorders based on diagnostic codes in EHR and claims records vs clinical medical record review at University of Washington-affiliated ophthalmology or optometry clinics from May 2018 to April 2020.

Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Examination-Based Vision Loss vs Self-reported Vision Measures.

Importance: Recent evidence suggests that social determinants of health (SDOH) affect vision loss, but it is unclear whether estimated associations differ between clinically evaluated and self-reported vision loss.

Objective: To identify associations between SDOH and evaluated vision impairment and to assess whether these associations hold when examining self-reported vision loss.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cross-sectional comparison included participants 12 years and older in the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), participants of all ages (infants and older) in the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS), and adults 18 years and older in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Prevalence of Eye and Vision Disorders in the Military Health System, Fiscal Year 2018.

Introduction: Eye and vision disorders are estimated to impact 7.08 million people in the United States, including 1.62 million under the age of 40.

Comparing Telephone Survey Responses to Best-Corrected Visual Acuity to Estimate the Accuracy of Identifying Vision Loss: Validation Study.

Background: Self-reported questions on blindness and vision problems are collected in many national surveys. Recently released surveillance estimates on the prevalence of vision loss used self-reported data to predict variation in the prevalence of objectively measured acuity loss among population groups for whom examination data are not available. However, the validity of self-reported measures to predict prevalence and disparities in visual acuity has not been established.

Trends in the Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema and Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy Among Commercially Insured Adults Aged <65 Years.

Objective: Examine the 10-year trend in the prevalence and treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) among commercially insured adults with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed the 10-year trend (2009-2018) in health care claims for adults aged 18-64 years using the IBM MarketScan Database, a national convenience sample of employer-sponsored health insurance. We included patients continuously enrolled in commercial fee-for-service health insurance for 24 months who had a diabetes ICD-9/10-CM code on one or more inpatient or two or more different-day outpatient claims in the index year or previous calendar year.

Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the US in 2019.

Importance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness. AMD prevalence has not been estimated for the US in over a decade and early-stage AMD prevalence estimates are scarce and inconsistently measured.

Objective: To produce estimates of early- and late-stage AMD prevalence overall and by age, gender, race and ethnicity, county, and state.

County-Level Variation in the Prevalence of Visual Acuity Loss or Blindness in the US.

This cross-sectional study evaluates vision loss and blindness prevalence in the US at the county level.

Trends in Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema and Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy Among Medicare Part B Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries.

Importance: While diabetes prevalence among US adults has increased in recent decades, few studies document trends in diabetes-related eye disease.

Objective: To examine 10-year trends (2009-2018) in annual prevalence of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes with a diagnosis of diabetic macular edema (DME) or vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) and trends in treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services research identifiable files, data for patients 65 years and older were analyzed from claims.

The Economic Burden of Vision Loss and Blindness in the United States.

Purpose: To estimate the economic burden of vision loss (VL) in the United States and by state.

Design: Analysis of secondary data sources (American Community Survey [ACS], American Time Use Survey, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [MEPS], National and State Health Expenditure Accounts, and National Health Interview Survey [NHIS]) using attributable fraction, regression, and other methods to estimate the incremental direct and indirect 2017 costs of VL.

Participants: People with a yes response to a question asking if they are blind or have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses in the ACS, MEPS, or NHIS.

The Prevalence of Diagnosis of Major Eye Diseases and their Associated Payments in the Medicare Fee-for-Service Program.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of diagnosis of major eye disorders and their associated payments, in total and per-person diagnosed, among Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries in 2018.

Methods: We analyzed 100% Medicare Part B FFS claims and Part D Events among beneficiaries continuously enrolled for 12 months in 2018 to calculate the proportion of beneficiaries with ≥1 claim indicating age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy (DR), or glaucoma, and their associated payments, including Medicare and patient out-of-pocket. Eye disease and eye care services were identified using case definitions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Vision & Eye Health Surveillance System (VEHSS).

Prevalence of Visual Acuity Loss or Blindness in the US: A Bayesian Meta-analysis.

Importance: Globally, more than 250 million people live with visual acuity loss or blindness, and people in the US fear losing vision more than memory, hearing, or speech. But it appears there are no recent empirical estimates of visual acuity loss or blindness for the US.

Objective: To produce estimates of visual acuity loss and blindness by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and US state.

Vision Impairment and Blindness Prevalence in the United States: Variability of Vision Health Responses across Multiple National Surveys.

Purpose: To support survey validation efforts by comparing prevalence rates of self-reported and examination evaluated presenting visual impairment (VI) and blindness measured across national surveys.

Design: Cross-sectional comparison.

Participants: Participants in the 2016 American Community Survey, the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the 2016 National Health Interview Survey, the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health.

Disparities in Receipt of Eye Exams Among Medicare Part B Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries with Diabetes - United States, 2017.

Approximately 30 million persons in the United States have diabetes.* Persons with diabetes are at risk for vision loss from diabetic retinopathy and other eye diseases (1). Diabetic retinopathy, the most common diabetes-related eye disease, affects 29% of U.