Efficacy and immune-related adverse event associations in avelumab-treated patients.

Background: Adverse events (AEs) of special interest that arise during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, including immune-related AEs (irAEs), have been reported to be associated with improved clinical outcomes. We analyzed patients treated with avelumab from the JAVELIN Solid Tumor and Merkel 200 trials, examining the association between AEs and efficacy while adjusting for confounding factors such as treatment duration and event order.

Methods: We analyzed efficacy and safety data from 1783 patients treated with the programmed death ligand 1 inhibitor avelumab who were enrolled in expansion cohorts of the JAVELIN Solid Tumor and Merkel 200 trials.

The TRUST (EvaluaTion of Bladder Function in Relapsing-Remitting MUltiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Natalizumab) Observational Study.

Background: Bladder dysfunction is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study was designed to evaluate effects of natalizumab on bladder function in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.

Methods: The TRUST (EvaluaTion of Bladder Function in Relapsing-Remitting MUltiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Natalizumab) study was an open-label, single-arm, two-center study.

Effect of neutralizing antibodies on biomarker responses to interferon beta: the INSIGHT study.

Background: Interferon beta (IFNbeta) effectively reduces disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can diminish or abolish the clinical efficacy of IFNbeta therapies. Biomarkers of the IFNbeta response, such as myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), viperin, and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT-1), may be used to measure the in vivo effects of NAbs on IFNbeta bioactivity.