The effects of morphine on human articular cartilage of the knee: an in vitro study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic, histologic, and ultrastructural effects of morphine and its combination with saline and bupivacaine on human articular cartilage.

Type Of Study: In vitro study.

Methods: Nonfibrillated human articular cartilage was harvested and transferred into an experimental culture consisting of a control medium, saline, or a combination of morphine/saline or morphine/saline/bupivacaine for 12, 24, or 72 hours.