Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare and severe kidney condition caused by chronic inflammation from recurrent urinary tract infections or kidney stones.
It can lead to serious complications such as abscesses and fistulas in the body.
This article discusses a unique case where XGP caused both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to the formation of reno-gastric and reno-colic fistulas.
The use of biologic therapy has become more common for treating cardiovascular disease (CVD), allowing for targeted interventions.
Early research mainly focused on how biologics affected patients with rheumatologic conditions, revealing connections between inflammation and heart issues like atherosclerosis and heart failure.
New therapeutic approaches, including targeting specific cytokines and utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) therapy, show promise in advancing how we treat CVD.