Impaired glucose tolerance, body mass index and respiratory function in patients with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate body mass index (BMI) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV ) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) compared to those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The significance of this topic stems from concern that individuals with CF and IGT may have an overall worse clinical status as indicated by BMI and FEV .

Data Source: An exhaustive literature search was completed between July 2017 and September 2017 using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dissertations & Theses, PsycINFO, and Open Grey.

The use of enteral nutrition in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review.

Purpose: Enteral nutrition (EN) is frequently used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN), and less commonly, bulimia nervosa (BN); yet, no standardized guidelines for treatment exist at this time. The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy of EN in the treatment of eating disorders and make recommendations for clinical practice and future research.

Methods: An exhaustive literature search of 7 databases was completed.

Improving Documentation of Pediatric Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index by Primary Care Providers.

The regular documentation of anthropometric data in an electronic medical record (EMR) is one tracking method used by primary care providers to follow the growth trajectory and development of children in their health care practices. EMR reminders have been proposed as a method to increase recording of pediatric height and weight by primary care providers, leading to potentially better detection and management of children classified as overweight or obese. The aim of this pre-post study was to improve a Family Health Team's physician documentation of pediatric height and weight through the implementation of an EMR reminder alert tool.

Evaluation of Key Factors Impacting Feeding Safety in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review.

Background: Individualized feeding care plans and safe handling of milk (human or formula) are critical in promoting growth, immune function, and neurodevelopment in the preterm infant. Feeding errors and disruptions or limitations to feeding processes in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are associated with negative safety events. Feeding errors include contamination of milk and delivery of incorrect or expired milk and may result in adverse gastrointestinal illnesses.

The Association Between Carotenoid Status and Body Composition in Children 2 - 18 Years of Age - A Systematic Review.

The aim of this review was to determine the association between carotenoid status and body composition in children 2 - 18 years of age. Obesity is often related to poor dietary habits and lower fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Fruit and vegetables are the primary sources of antioxidant-rich dietary carotenoids; decreased intake may lead to increased risk of chronic diseases.

Evaluating the effectiveness of five screening tools used to identify malnutrition risk in hospitalized elderly: A systematic review.

This systematic review investigated 5 frequently used nutrition screening tools (NSTs) used in hospitals and their effectiveness at identifying malnutrition risk in the elderly. A literature review was conducted to obtain research articles focused on malnutrition screening in hospitalized elderly and effectiveness of the NST used. Twenty six articles were reviewed and evaluated, resulting in 8 that met inclusion criteria.

Effects of serum phosphorus on vascular calcification in a healthy, adult population: A systematic review.

Cardiovascular disease has been associated with elevated serum phosphorus levels, which have been associated with cardiovascular mortality. This is commonly seen in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population where studies have shown that high phosphorus levels cause coronary artery calcification. Although studies have independently associated vascular stiffness and serum phosphorus in those with and without CKD, there are fewer data in individuals without CKD.

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide, Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein, and Other Inflammatory Markers in Obesity and After Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity is associated with altered gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation. A key factor in the inflammatory process is endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Plasma LPS levels and sensory agent lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) are shown to be elevated in obesity.

Using megestrol acetate to ameliorate protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Various populations are affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD), and a low dose appetite stimulant megestrol acetate (MA) is sometimes recommended in patients with CKD to ameliorate protein-energy wasting (PEW). Patients with CKD are at greater risk of developing PEW since the progression of their disease can cause decreased nutrient intake, catabolic effects, systemic inflammation and metabolic changes. Providers can detect PEW in CKD by identifying low serum levels ≤3.

Anemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Potential Role of Iron Deficiency.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of anemia on patient outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the potential contribution that low iron stores may play in this process, and possible treatment considerations. A review of research studies found that anemia is associated with declining functional outcomes, increased health care utilization and costs, and increased mortality in COPD. Associations exist between reduced iron intake and progression of COPD and in reduction of iron status with declining lung function.

Relationship of vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.

Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. A review of the literature was conducted to determine the relationship between low serum vitamin D status and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. A review of human, animal, and cellular studies demonstrates conflicting evidence that a low serum vitamin D level is linked to the cause of obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance.