Utilizing wavelet transform and support vector machine for detection of the paradoxical splitting in the second heart sound.

Paradoxical splitting occurs when pulmonic valve (P2) closes before the aortic valve (A2). This causes second heart sound (S2) to be a single sound during inspiration and split during exhalation. Etiology delay in aortic closure: aortic stenosis, volume overload of left ventricle (LV), conduction defects in LV, and left bundle branch block (LBBB).