Bis(1-Methyl-ortho-Carboranyl)Borane.

The Lewis superacid, bis(1-methyl-ortho-carboranyl)borane, is rapidly accessed in two steps. It is a very effective hydroboration reagent capable of B-H addition to alkenes, alkynes, and cyclopropanes. To date, this is the first identified Lewis superacidic secondary borane and most reactive neutral hydroboration reagent.

Triple-Decker Iron and Cobalt Complexes Featuring a Bridging 1,2-Diboratabenzene Ligand.

Neutral triple-decker iron and cobalt complexes with a bridging 1,2-diboratabenzene ligand were accessed by reactions of a dilithium 1,2-diboratabenzene reagent with [Cp*FeCl] and [Cp*CoCl], respectively. While 1,2-diboratabenzene metal complexes are known, these represent the first examples of the ligand bridging two metals.

Probing borafluorene B-C bond insertion with gold acetylide and azide.

The reaction of PhPAuN with 9-Ph-9-borafluorene resulted in complexation of the azide to boron while a gold acetylide reacted with 9-Ph-9-borafluorene to insert the acetylide carbon to access a six-membered boracycle with an exocyclic double bond.

Tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane: An Isolable, Halogen-Free, Lewis Superacid.

The synthesis of tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane (BoCb ), a single site neutral Lewis superacid, in one pot from commercially available materials is achieved. The high fluoride ion affinity (FIA) confirms its classification as a Lewis superacid and the Gutmann-Beckett method as well as adducts with Lewis bases indicate stronger Lewis acidity over the widely used fluorinated aryl boranes. The electron withdrawing effect of ortho-carborane and lack of pi-delocalization of the LUMO rationalize the unusually high Lewis acidity.

Accessing Boron-Doped Pentaphene Analogues from 12-Boradibenzofluorene.

Borole-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have garnered attention in recent years due to their attractive photophysical properties and potential utility in electronic devices. In this work, a borole-doped PAH, 12-boradibenzofluorene, is synthesized and formal intermolecular nitrene and oxygen atom insertion reactions were employed to access 1,2-azaborine- and 1,2-oxaborine-containing analogues of the carbonaceous PAH pentaphene. Iodosobenzene is established as a versatile reagent for oxygen atom insertion reactions into a variety of borole species to access 1,2-oxaborine systems.

Antimony diiminopyridine complexes.

The stoichiometric reactions of antimony trichloride, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, and diiminopyridine ligands lead to the formation of N,N',N''-chelated SbCl cationic complexes. Methyl and phenyl substituents on the imine carbons of the ligand yielded structures with a lone pair on antimony and the hydrogen substituted variant was notably different as it forms a Menshutkin complex with meta-xylene in the solid-state.

9-Borafluorenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity.

This review covers all aspects of 9-borafluorene chemistry, from the first attempted synthesis in 1960 to the present. This class of molecules consists of a tricyclic system featuring a central antiaromatic BC ring with two fused arene groups. The synthetic routes to all 9-borafluorenes and their adducts are presented.

Modern Results of Functional Bracing of Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the rate of, and reasons for, conversion of closed treatment of humeral shaft fractures using a fracture brace, to surgical intervention.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective analysis.

Setting: Nine Level 1 trauma centers across the United States.

Supra-acetabular Pelvic External Fixator, Percutaneous With Fluoroscopic Guidance.

Unstable pelvic fractures are associated with high-energy trauma and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality if not managed properly in the acute setting. Early recognition and intervention is crucial for optimal patient outcomes. This article, in addition to the video footage, outlines a safe and effective method for stabilizing unstable pelvic fractures by applying a supra-acetabular pelvic external fixator using fluoroscopic guidance.

Percutaneous Sacroiliac Screw Technique.

Remembering that preoperative planning, surgical indications, and fracture reduction are paramount for this procedure, presented here is our technique for performing percutaneous sacroiliac screws, both transiliac-transsacral and sacral style. A combination of video, still pictures, and fluoroscopy images will guide the viewer through the process we routinely use highlighting specific details. Patient positioning and intraoperative fluoroscopy imaging are critical to a successful procedure.

The biomechanical cost of variable angle locking screws.

Introduction: Variable angle (VA) locking plates in fracture fixation surgery allow screws to be fastened to the plate within a conical "locus of vectors" in order to avoid existing prostheses, joint surfaces, or poor quality bone. Clinical failures of VA constructs in which screws have rotated at the plate/screw interface have been reported raising the concern that there may be a biomechanical cost for the increased flexibility that VA provides. The objective of this study was to test the mechanical properties of one commonly used VA locking mechanism with screws placed in both nominal and off-axis trajectories and compare these against the standard locking mechanism.

Can Near-infrared Spectroscopy Detect and Differentiate Implant-associated Biofilms?

Background: Established bacterial diagnostic techniques for orthopaedic-related infections rely on a combination of imperfect tests that often can lead to negative culture results. Spectroscopy is a tool that potentially could aid in rapid detection and differentiation of bacteria in implant-associated infections.

Questions/purposes: We asked: (1) Can principal component analysis explain variation in spectral curves for biofilm obtained from Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa? (2) What is the accuracy of Fourier transformed-near infrared (FT-NIR)/multivariate data analysis in identifying the specific species associated with biofilm?

Methods: Three clinical isolates, S aureus, S epidermidis, and P aeruginosa were cultured to create biofilm on surgical grade stainless steel.

Concurrent treatment of a middle-third clavicle fracture and type IV acromioclavicular dislocation.

Acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation with an associated displaced fracture of the middle third of the clavicle is a rare injury with no established standard treatment. Previous AC fixation techniques described have not included simultaneous internal fixation of the clavicle. We present the case of a 19-year-old man who sustained this combined injury pattern with a type IV AC dislocation.

Cryopreserved human amniotic membrane injection for plantar fasciitis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study.

Background: Treatment options for plantar fasciitis have resulted in varied patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare a novel treatment, cryopreserved human amniotic membrane (c-hAM), to a traditional treatment, corticosteroid. Our hypothesis was that c-hAM would be safe and comparable to corticosteroids for plantar fasciitis in regard to patient outcomes.

Unique antimicrobial effects of platelet-rich plasma and its efficacy as a prophylaxis to prevent implant-associated spinal infection.

Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) has attracted great attention and has been increasingly used for a variety of clinical applications including orthopedic surgeries, periodontal and oral surgeries, maxillofacial surgeries, plastic surgeries, and sports medicine. However, very little is known about the antimicrobial activities of PRP. PRP is found to have antimicrobial properties both in vitro and in vivo.

Repair of large animal partial-thickness cartilage defects through intraarticular injection of matrix-rejuvenated synovium-derived stem cells.

Cartilage defects have a limited ability to self-heal. Stem cell treatment is a promising approach; however, replicative senescence is a challenge to acquiring large-quantity and high-quality stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a tissue-specific stem cell for cartilage regeneration.

Knot security: how many throws does it really take?

The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum number of throws needed for knot security for square knots using 5 common suture materials and 3 common sizes by in vitro single load to failure biomechanical testing. The hypothesis was that each suture combination studied would share a common minimum of at least 5 throws to guarantee security. Five suture materials (FiberWire [Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida], Monosof, Surgipro, Maxon, and Polysorb [Covidien, Mansfield, Massachusetts]) with varying suture sizes (#5, #2, 0, 2-0, and 4-0) were tied in vitro, varying the number of square knot throws (3, 4, 5, and 6).

Exaggerated cardiovascular stress responses and impaired beta-adrenergic-mediated pressor recovery in obese Zucker rats.

Clinical studies have demonstrated that the pressor response to acute stress is larger in obese versus lean individuals. We therefore tested the hypotheses that the pressor response to behavioral stress is greater in obese (OZRs) versus lean Zucker rats (LZRs) and that reduced beta-adrenergic-mediated vasodilation contributes to the enhanced pressor response. Animals were restrained and subjected to acute pulsatile air jet stress (3 minutes), followed by a poststress period of 20 minutes; beta-adrenergic blockade was achieved with propranolol (5 mg/kg, IV) given 15 minutes before the start of air jet stress.