Cost-Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression Among Adults in Primary Care.

Importance: Approximately 1 in 5 adults are diagnosed with depression in their lifetime. However, less than half receive help from a health professional, with the treatment gap being worse for individuals with socioeconomic disadvantage. Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) is an effective and convenient strategy to treat depression; however, its cost-effectiveness in a sociodemographically diverse population remains unknown.

Interrelationships between physical multimorbidity, depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older adults in China, India and Indonesia: A four-way decomposition analysis.

Objective: This paper explores the role of depressive symptoms (mediator/moderator) in the association between physical multimorbidity (exposure) and cognitive function (outcome) among older adults in the three most populous middle-income countries.

Methods: This study used cross-sectional data from China (2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study), India (2017/2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India), and Indonesia (2014/2015 Indonesian Family Life Survey), with a total sample of 73,199 respondents aged ≥ 45 years. Three domains of cognitive tests were harmonised across surveys, including time orientation, word recall, and numeracy.

Methods for health workforce projection model: systematic review and recommended good practice reporting guideline.

Background: Health workforce projection models are integral components of a robust healthcare system. This research aims to review recent advancements in methodology and approaches for health workforce projection models and proposes a set of good practice reporting guidelines.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review by searching medical and social science databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and EconLit, covering the period from 2010 to 2023.

Impact of health risk factors on healthcare resource utilization, work-related outcomes and health-related quality of life of Australians: a population-based longitudinal data analysis.

Background: Health risk factors, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, and insufficient physical activity, are major contributors to many poor health conditions. This study aimed to assess the impact of health risk factors on healthcare resource utilization, work-related outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Australia.

Methods: We used two waves of the nationally representative Household, Income, and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey from 2013 and 2017 for the analysis.

Functional limitation as a mediator of the relationship between multimorbidity on health-related quality of life in Australia: evidence from a national panel mediation analysis.

Objective: The inverse relationships between chronic disease multimorbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have been well-documented in the literature. However, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. This is the first study to look into the potential role of functional limitation as a mediator in the relationship between multimorbidity and HRQoL.

Addressing a critical need: A randomised controlled feasibility trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for bariatric surgery patients at 15-18 months post-surgery.

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. However, around one in five people experience significant weight regain. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) teaches acceptance of and defusion from thoughts and feelings which influence behaviour, and commitment to act in line with personal values.

The association between obesity, health service use, and work productivity in Australia: a cross-sectional quantile regression analysis.

The burden of disease attributable to obesity is rapidly increasing and becoming a public health challenge globally. Using a nationally representative sample in Australia, this study aims to examine the association of obesity with healthcare service use and work productivity across outcome distributions. We used Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Australia (HILDA) Wave 17 (2017-2018), including 11,211 participants aged between 20 and 65 years.

Multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure on medicine in Europe: Longitudinal analysis of 13 European countries between 2013 and 2015.

Background: Many European Health Systems are implementing or increasing levels of cost-sharing for medicine in response to the growing constrains on public spending on health despite their negative impact on population health due to delay in seeking care.

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationships between multimorbidity (two or more coexisting chronic diseases, CDs), complex multimorbidity (three or more CDs impacting at least three different body systems), and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for medicine across European nations.

Methods: This study utilized data on participants aged 50 years and above from two recent waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe conducted in 2013 ( = 55,806) and 2015 ( = 51,237).

Low physical activity is associated with adverse health outcome and higher costs in Indonesia: A national panel study.

Aims: To assess the association between low physical activity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors, health service utilization, risk of catastrophic health expenditure, and work productivity in Indonesia.

Methods: In this population-based, panel data analysis, we used data from two waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for 2007/2008 and 2014/2015. Respondents aged 40-80 years who participated in both waves were included in this study ( = 5,936).

The impact of depression and physical multimorbidity on health-related quality of life in China: a national longitudinal quantile regression study.

The co-occurrence of mental and physical chronic conditions is a growing concern and a largely unaddressed challenge in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the independent and multiplicative effects of depression and physical chronic conditions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in China, and how it varies by age and gender. We used two waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2015), including 9227 participants aged ≥ 45 years, 12 physical chronic conditions and depressive symptoms.

Multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure for medicines in China and India.

Introduction: Using nationally representative survey data from China and India, this study examined (1) the distribution and patterns of multimorbidity in relation to socioeconomic status and (2) association between multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for medicines by socioeconomic groups.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of adult population aged 45 years and older from WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) India 2015 (n=7397) and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 (n=11 570). Log-linear, two-parts, zero-inflated and quantile regression models were performed to assess the association between multimorbidity and OOPE for medicines in both countries.

Associations between Indonesia's national health insurance, effective coverage in maternal health and neonatal mortality: a multilevel interrupted time-series analysis 2000-2017.

Background: We assessed the effect of Indonesia's national health insurance programme ( ()) on effective coverage for maternal and child health across geographical regions and population groups.

Methods: We used four waves of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from 2000 to 2017, which included 38 880 women aged 15-49 years and 144 000 birth records. Key outcomes included antenatal and delivery care, caesarean section and neonatal and infant mortality.

Epidemiology of physical-mental multimorbidity and its impact among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in Australia: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the differences in multimorbidity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and non-Indigenous Australians, and the effect of multimorbidity on health service use and work productivity.

Setting: Cross-sectional sample of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia wave 17.

Participants: A nationally representative sample of 16 749 respondents aged 18 years and above.

The relative impact of underweight, overweight, smoking, and physical inactivity on health and associated costs in Indonesia: propensity score matching of a national sample.

Background: Indonesia is in the middle of a rapid epidemiological transition with an ageing population and increasing exposure to risk factors for chronic conditions. This study examines the relative impacts of obesity, tobacco consumption, and physical inactivity, on non-communicable diseases multimorbidity, health service use, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), and loss in employment productivity in Indonesia.

Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted of cross-sectional data from adults aged ≥ 40 years (n = 12,081) in the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014/2015.

Provincial heterogeneity in the management of care cascade for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia in China: Analysis of nationally representative population-based survey.

Background: This study aims to examine (1) province-level variations in the levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and behavioral risk for CVDs, (2) province-level variations in the management of cascade of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia, and (3) the association of province-level economic development and individual factors with the quality of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia.

Methods: We used nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015, which included 12,597 participants aged 45 years. Using a care cascade framework, we examined the quality of care provided to patients with three prevalent NCDs: hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia.

Family-Level Multimorbidity among Older Adults in India: Looking through a Syndemic Lens.

Most evidence on multimorbidity is drawn from an individual level assessment despite the fact that multimorbidity is modulated by shared risk factors prevailing within the household environment. Our study reports the magnitude of family-level multimorbidity, its correlates, and healthcare expenditure among older adults using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), wave-1. LASI is a nationwide survey amongst older adults aged ≥45 years conducted in 2017-2018.

Multimorbidity and Complex Multimorbidity in India: Findings from the 2017-2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI).

Complex multimorbidity refers to the co-occurrence of three or more chronic illnesses across >2 body systems, which may identify persons in need of additional medical support and treatment. There is a scarcity of evidence on the differences in patient outcomes between non-complex (≥2 conditions) and complex multimorbidity groups. We evaluated the prevalence and patient outcomes of complex multimorbidity and compared them to non-complex multimorbidity.

Association of Oral Health with Multimorbidity among Older Adults: Findings from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, Wave-1, 2017-2019.

India is witnessing an increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity. Oral health is related to overall health but is seldom included in the assessment of multimorbidity. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral morbidity and explore its association with physical multimorbidity using data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI).

Non-communicable disease risk factors and management among internal migrant in China: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In 2019, there are more than 290 million people who have ever migrated from rural to urban areas in China. These rural-to-urban internal migrants account for more than one-fifth of China's population and is the largest internal migrant group globally. We present the first systematic review that examines whether internal migrants are more likely to exhibit non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors and have worse NCD management outcomes than non-migrant counterparts in China.

Socioeconomic inequalities in effective service coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: a comparative analysis of 39 low-income and middle-income countries.

Background: Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in access to good quality health care is key for countries to achieve Universal Health Coverage. This study aims to assess socioeconomic inequalities in effective coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Using the most recent national health surveys from 39 LMICs (between 2014 and 2018), we calculated coverage indicators using effective coverage care cascade that consists of service contact, crude coverage, quality-adjusted coverage, and user-adherence-adjusted coverage.