Detection of levamisole and its metabolites in horses after oral levamisole administration over seven days.

Objective: Levamisole is a regulated substance sometimes administered to racehorses to treat equine protozoal myelitis. Metabolites include compound II, aminorex, and pemoline. Aminorex and pemoline are Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority-banned substances.

Going (Anti)Viral: Improving HIV and HCV Screening and HPV Vaccination in Primary Care.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remain suboptimal. To improve HIV and HCV screening and HPV vaccination, the authors implemented a quality improvement project in three southwestern Pennsylvania family medicine residency practices.

Methods: From June 1 to November 30, 2021, participating practices used universal screening and vaccination guidelines and chose from multiple strategies at the office (for example, standing orders), provider (for example, multiple forms of provider reminders), and patient (for example, incentives) levels derived from published literature and tailored to local context.

Obesity.

Obesity is a common condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, weight loss treatment can reduce obesity-related complications. This review summarizes the evidence-based strategies physicians can employ to identify, prevent, and treat obesity, including best practices to diagnose and counsel patients, to assess and address the burden of weight-related disease including weight stigma, to address secondary causes of weight gain, and to help patients set individualized and realistic weight loss goals and an effective treatment plan.

Filling a gap in care: addressing obesity in transgender and gender diverse patients.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults are more likely to have obesity compared to cisgender peers. Based on surveys, the TGD population experiences disparities in healthy lifestyle behaviors (e.g.

Meeting the Body Mass Index Requirement for Gender-affirming Surgery Using Antiobesity Medication.

One-fourth of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients presenting for initial gender-affirming surgery (GAS) consult is denied surgery due to obesity. Many surgery centers enforce body mass index (BMI) requirements for GAS because of concerns about perioperative risks, cosmetic outcomes, and reoperation. TGD people experience gender minority stress and disparities in lifestyle factors that likely contribute to excess weight gain.

Effects of Alternating Standing and Sitting Compared to Prolonged Sitting on Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics.

Purpose: Previous research suggests that prolonged sitting may acutely reduce cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of alternating standing and sitting vs prolonged sitting on CBFv.

Methods: This randomized crossover study enrolled working adults (N=25) with pre-to-stage 1 hypertension not using antihypertensive medications, and a body mass index from 25 to < 40 kg/m.

Effect of Using a Sit-Stand Desk on Ratings of Discomfort, Fatigue, and Sleepiness Across a Simulated Workday in Overweight and Obese Adults.

Background: Limited research examines the influence of sit-stand desks on ratings of discomfort, sleepiness, and fatigue. This study evaluated the time course of these outcomes over 1 day.

Methods: Adults (N = 25) completed a randomized cross-over study in a laboratory with two 8-hour workday conditions: (1) prolonged sitting (SIT) and (2) alternating sitting and standing every 30 minutes (SIT-STAND).

Effect of alternating standing and sitting on blood pressure and pulse wave velocity during a simulated workday in adults with overweight/obesity.

Objective: Reducing prolonged sitting at work has been recommended by an expert panel, but whether intermittent standing improves vascular health is unclear. We aimed to test whether using a sit-stand desk could reduce blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) during a simulated workday.

Methods: Overweight/obese adults with pre-to-Stage 1 hypertension completed a randomized crossover study with two simulated workday conditions: STAND-SIT (alternating standing and sitting condition every 30 min) and SIT (continuous sitting condition).