Novel Hemodynamic, Vascular Lesion, and Cytokine/Chemokine Differences Regarding Sex in a Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Model.

Sex differences are recognized in pulmonary hypertension. However, the progression of disease with regard to vascular lesion formation and circulating cytokines/chemokines is unknown. To determine whether vascular lesion formation, changes in hemodynamics, and alterations in circulating chemokines/cytokines differ between males and females, we used a progressive model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Sugen/hypoxia, and analyzed cohorts of male and female rats at time points suggested to indicate worsening disease.

The effect of multiple firings on the marginal integrity of pressable ceramic single crowns.

Statement Of Problem: The marginal adaptation of metal ceramic crowns is affected by firing cycles for veneering porcelain application. The effect of multiple firings on the marginal integrity of pressable ceramic core crowns is unknown.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of repeated firing cycles on the marginal discrepancy of veneered (layered) pressable ceramic anterior crowns with 2 different finish line configurations.

Pain in hospitalized pediatric patients: how are we doing?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a baseline description of the prevalence of pain and pain management strategies in a pediatric hospital and to compare the prevalence of pain in this hospital to that in published reports in the literature.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-seven children ranging in age from 10 days to 17 years and 223 parents participated in an 8-hour survey on 5 inpatient units. Information about pain intensity and pain affect was collected from the children older than 6 years of age and from parents of those who were younger at 4 2-hour intervals.

The role of parent training in treatment of preschoolers with ADDH.

The efficacy of group parent training was assessed in improving compliance and time on task in preschoolers with attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Positive effects were obtained on measures of child compliance, but not on measures of attention. Parental compliance-management skills and overall style of interaction were also positively affected.

The efficacy and efficiency of a self-administered treatment for adolescent migraine.

Migraine headaches are frequent in adolescents. Although many adolescents are adequately treated palliatively with analgesics, an important subgroup requires prophylactic treatment. Medical treatments for adolescents with frequent severe headaches is often problematic.

Outcome of parent-mediated treatment of preschoolers with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.

Despite the early onset of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH), there is a dearth of treatment studies with preschoolers with this disorder. Forty-six families with ADDH preschoolers were randomly assigned to either an immediate or a delayed group parent training program aimed at improving child compliance. Groups were balanced on demographic variables.

Attention and impulsivity characteristics of the biological and adoptive parents of hyperactive and normal control children.

On tests comparing 176 biological and adoptive parents of hyperactive and normal control children, biological parents of hyperactives evidenced more attentional difficulties, slower mean reaction times, and fewer correct recognitions than did the other parents. They showed no significant differences in impulsivity. A familial association between childhood hyperactivity and attentional deficits in the biological parents was suggested, as was the persistence of attentional difficulties as compared to impulse control problems.

Cognitive and relaxation treatment of paediatric migraine.

The present study compared the efficacy of two active treatments, relaxation training and cognitive coping, with a non-specific placebo control in the treatment of 42 children and adolescents with migraine. The first treatment is a simplified version of progressive deep muscle relaxation; the second, a form of cognitive restructuring involving the alteration of dysfunctional thought processes. The results demonstrated that each active treatment was superior to the non-specific intervention in reducing overall headache activity and frequency but not duration or intensity.

Vicissitudes of follow-up studies: differential effects of parent training and stimulant medication with hyperactives.

A two-year outcome study of 73 hyperactive children supports both previous short-term studies which suggested that stimulant medication is superior to parent training and long-term studies which found no differences between the two interventions. The discrepancy is discussed in light of complications that inevitably arise in outcome studies and that tend to preclude meaningful outcomes in long-term studies. The development of new research strategies is called for.