Publications by authors named "John Spollen"

Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is often encountered in clinical practice. Clozapine remains the drug of choice in the management of TRS. Several studies have shown that clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic medication to date for TRS.

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Objective: There is a national shortage of psychiatrists. To grow the workforce, educators must understand the factors that influence the choice of psychiatry as a specialty for medical students in the Generation Y cohort.

Methods: Psychiatry residents born between 1981 and 2000 were recruited from six psychiatry training programs across the USA and were interviewed in the fall of their first year.

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Background: Physician educators directing medical student programs face increasingly more complex challenges to ensure students receive appropriate preparation to care for patients. The Alliance for Clinical Education (ACE) defined expectations of and for clerkship directors in 2003. Since then, much has changed in medical education and health care.

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Constantly shifting cultural views influence public perceptions of psychiatric diagnoses, sometimes accommodated by changes in diagnostic terminology. Evolving scientific knowledge of the era is at times used to justify and support mental illnesses. Too often, however, remasked nomenclatures fail to alter social stigma, in part because political arguments are used.

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Objective: Targeted efforts are needed to increase the number of medical students choosing psychiatry, but little is known about when students decide on their specialty or what factors influence their choice. The authors examined the timing and stability of student career choice of psychiatry compared with other specialties and determined what pre- and intra-medical school factors were associated with choosing a career in psychiatry.

Method: Using survey data from students who graduated from U.

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Purpose: To assess the learning environment at our medical school, third-year medical students complete an 11-item survey called the Learning Environment for Professionalism (LEP) at the end of each clerkship. The LEP survey asks about the frequency of faculty and resident professional and unprofessional behaviors that students observed; two of the items specifically address derogatory comments. This study used focus group methodology to explore how medical students interpret the derogatory comments they reported on the LEP survey.

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Objective: The medical school a student attends appears to be a factor in whether students eventually match into psychiatry. Knowledge of which factors are associated with medical schools with higher recruitment rates into psychiatry may assist in developing strategies to increase recruitment.

Methods: Psychiatry leaders in medical student education in the 25 highest and lowest recruiting US allopathic schools were surveyed concerning various factors that could be important such as curriculum, educational leadership, and presence of anti-psychiatry stigma.

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Objective: Various factors influence choice of medical specialty. Previous research grouped specialties into controllable lifestyle, primary care, and surgical. This study compared factors influencing individuals to choose psychiatry versus other specialties.

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Background: With the emphasis on professionalism in academic health settings, including recently added accreditation requirements for US medical schools, there is a need for a valid and feasible method to assess the learning environment for professionalism.

Aim:  This article describes the development and investigation of the validity of a brief measure, the learning environment for professionalism (LEP) survey, designed to assess medical student perceptions of professionalism among residents and faculty during clinical rotations.

Method:  Two successive cohorts of third-year medical students completed the 22-item LEP survey at the conclusion of clerkship rotations, providing a total of 902 responses for scale reliability and principal components factor analysis, as well as assessment of changes in scores over time and correlations with a related clerkship evaluation item.

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Background: Educating medical students about how to effectively counsel patients with negative health behaviors (i.e., lack of exercise, smoking) is vitally important.

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Objective: Psychiatry clerkship training involves many learning components, one of which is acquisition of scholarly knowledge. The authors investigate the reading materials and learning methods used by clinical clerks in their preparation for the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Psychiatry Subject Exam (PSE).

Methods: Clerkship students from six U.

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Treatment with risperidone is associated with prolactin (PRL) elevation, and PRL elevations are associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). We evaluated whether the PRL elevations caused by risperidone treatment of subjects with schizophrenia are associated with objective measures of erectile function. Subjects were hospitalized for 2 nights, and serum measurements of PRL, total testosterone, and free and weakly bound testosterone were performed in the morning and afternoon of each day.

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