Pain anxiety, acceptance, and outcomes among individuals with HIV and chronic pain: a preliminary investigation.

The current study investigated the role of during treatment changes in pain anxiety in the relation between during treatment changes in pain acceptance and chronic pain outcomes. Participants included 45 (15 women) adults (M(age) = 50.42, SD = 7.

Outcomes associated with a cognitive-behavioral chronic pain management program implemented in three public HIV primary care clinics.

In patients with HIV/AIDS, chronic pain is common and analgesics pose serious risks. Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) provide an alternative. This study evaluated feasibility and impact of a CBT-based pain management program in three public primary care clinics for HIV patients.

A randomized, controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain.

Individuals reporting chronic, nonmalignant pain for at least 6 months (N=114) were randomly assigned to 8 weekly group sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) after a 4-6 week pretreatment period and were assessed after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. The protocols were designed for use in a primary care rather than specialty pain clinic setting. All participants remained stable on other pain and mood treatments over the course of the intervention.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: a preliminary report.

Some evidence suggests that acceptance-based approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may be well-suited to geriatric generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The primary goal of this project was to determine whether ACT was feasible for this population. Seven older primary-care patients with GAD received 12 individual sessions of ACT; another 9 were treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Evidence-based patient education: knowledge transfer to endodontic patients.

Evidence-based treatment is emphasized in oral health care, but there has been less focus on empirically demonstrating the effects of patient education. Attempts to educate patients must be empirically demonstrated in order to provide evidence-based guidance to practitioners and educators. We conducted two studies that assessed information acquisition during five-minute audiovisual films on oral hygiene procedures, endodontic procedures, and fear about pain during root canal therapy.

Spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community in an anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon.

Microorganisms are central to both the beneficial (organic degradation, nutrient removal, biogas production) and detrimental (odor production, pathogen contamination) effects of swine waste storage systems. In this study, both quantitative (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and qualitative (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, cloning, sequence analysis) molecular analyses were used to track spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community of swine slurry from a 0.4 ha anaerobic lagoon.

Modular psychotherapy for anxiety in older primary care patients.

Objective: To develop and test a modular psychotherapy protocol in older primary care patients with anxiety disorders.

Design: Randomized, controlled pilot study.

Setting: University-based geriatric medicine clinics.

Predicting response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in a sample of HIV-positive patients with chronic pain.

Introduction: The primary aim of this study was to examine the role of patient characteristics in predicting response to treatment in a sample of HIV-positive patients receiving 12 weekly sessions of a CBT-based pain management protocol.

Method: A pre/post test single group design was used. Pain-related functioning was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment using the Pain Outcomes Questionnaire-VA.

Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different types of behavioral treatments for geriatric anxiety (cognitive behavior therapy [CBT] alone, CBT with relaxation training [RT], and RT alone).

Method: The authors compared effect sizes from 19 trials. Analyses were based on uncontrolled outcomes (comparing posttreatment and pretreatment scores) and effects relative to control conditions on both anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Evidence-based psychological treatments for late-life anxiety.

This project identified evidence-based psychotherapy treatments for anxiety disorders in older adults. The authors conducted a review of the geriatric anxiety treatment outcome literature by using specific coding criteria and identified 17 studies that met criteria for evidence-based treatments (EBTs). These studies reflected samples of adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or samples with mixed anxiety disorders or symptoms.

Fear and pain: investigating the interaction between aversive states.

Pain and fear often co-occur and appear to interact, although the nature and direction of their relation is not clearly delineated. The present study investigates how exposure to the experience of one of these states subsequently affects responding to the other. Pressure stimulation and carbon dioxide-enriched air (CO2) were used to induce pain and fear, respectively, in 48 healthy individuals.

Effects of emotion on pain reports, tolerance and physiology.

The effects of specific emotional states on a laboratory pain task were tested by examining the behavioural, verbal and psychophysiological responses of 80 student volunteers (50% female). Participants were assigned to one of four Velten-style emotion-induction conditions (ie, anxiety, depression, elation or neutral). The sexes of experimenters were counterbalanced.

Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of labor pain.

Psychosocial factors have been implicated in the pain experience during childbirth, which can have both short- and long-term consequences on the mother's health and her relationship with her infant. The present study evaluated important demographic, social, and psychological factors as predictors of multiple dimensions of labor pain among 35 mothers during childbirth. The results indicated that anxiety sensitivity (AS), as measured by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, shared a significant relation with maximum pain during labor as well as sensory and affective components of pain as measured by the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Psychological interventions for late-life anxiety: a review and early lessons from the CALM study.

The authors review the literature on psychological treatment for anxiety in older adults, focusing on randomized, controlled trials. Evidence exists for the efficacy of relaxation training for subjective anxiety symptoms and cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and miscellaneous anxiety syndromes, including panic disorder. The authors also present the rationale for the CALM Study (Controlling Anxiety in Later-life Medical Patients), an ongoing randomized trial in which a modular psychotherapeutic intervention for anxiety in older primary care patients is compared with treatment as usual.

Predicting work status following interdisciplinary treatment for chronic pain.

The effectiveness of interdisciplinary treatments for chronic pain is well established. In general, these treatments decrease psychosocial distress and increase physical abilities. Further, return to work rates following interdisciplinary treatment tend to be quite high.