Demonstrating the Use of Non-targeted Analysis for Identification of Unknown Chemicals in Rapid Response Scenarios.

Several thousand intentional and unintentional chemical releases occur annually in the U.S., with the contents of almost 30% being of unknown composition.

Multi-internal standard calibration applied to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.

Several species are simultaneously used for internal standardization to improve accuracy in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In multi-internal standard calibration (MISC), signal ratios between the analyte and each of several internal standard species are used for calibration. A single calibration solution is required, and the MISC graph is built with intensity ratios calculated with analytical signals recorded for the sample (I) on the y-axis, while those recorded for the calibration standard (I) are plot on the x-axis (i.

The mechanism of cell death induced by silver nanoparticles is distinct from silver cations.

Background: Precisely how silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) kill mammalian cells still is not fully understood. It is not clear if AgNP-induced damage differs from silver cation (Ag), nor is it known how AgNP damage is transmitted from cell membranes, including endosomes, to other organelles. Cells can differ in relative sensitivity to AgNPs or Ag, which adds another layer of complexity to identifying specific mechanisms of action.

Low Doses of Silver Nanoparticles Selectively Induce Lipid Peroxidation and Proteotoxic Stress in Mesenchymal Subtypes of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Molecular profiling of tumors shows that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be stratified into mesenchymal (claudin-low breast cancer; CLBC) and epithelial subtypes (basal-like breast cancer; BLBC). Subtypes differ in underlying genetics and in response to therapeutics. Several reports indicate that therapeutic strategies that induce lipid peroxidation or proteotoxicity may be particularly effective for various cancers with a mesenchymal phenotype such as CLBC, for which no specific treatment regimens exist and outcomes are poor.

Evaluation of different approaches to applying the standard additions calibration method.

The extrapolation approach, traditionally used with standard additions (SA), is compared with the alternative strategies of interpolation, reversed-axis, and normalization. The interpolation approach is based on employing twice the analytical signal recorded for the sample (y) to determine an unknown analyte concentration. In the reversed-axis strategy, x- and y-axes are swapped when building the SA calibration plot to facilitate uncertainty estimation.

Binding of Targeted Semiconducting Photothermal Polymer Nanoparticles for Intraperitoneal Detection and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.

Nanoparticles offer many promising advantages for improving current surgical regimens through their ability to detect and treat disseminated colorectal cancer (CRC). Hybrid Donor-Acceptor Polymer Particles (HDAPPs) have recently been shown to fluorescently detect and thermally ablate tumors in a murine model. Here, HDAPPS were functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) to improve their binding specificity to CT26 mouse CRC cells using HA to target the cancer stem cell marker CD44.

Automated matrix-matching calibration using standard dilution analysis with two internal standards and a simple three-port mixing chamber.

Simple data processing and unattended calibration are achieved in automated standard dilution analysis (aSDA) using two internal standards and an inline lab-made mixing chamber furnished from a common plastic syringe. Only two calibration solutions are required per sample, which minimizes reagent consumption and waste generation. Solution 1 contains 50% sample and 50% of a standard containing the analytes and internal standard 1 (IS).

Effects of platinum-based anticancer drugs on the trace element profile of liver and kidney tissue from mice.

Background: Platinum-based anticancer drugs are relatively successful chemotherapeutic agents, which can cause significant elemental changes in key organs and are known for undesirable side effects, such as nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys).

Objectives And Methods: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and traditional statistical tools such as two-sample Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis are used to evaluate the effects of different investigational Pt-based anticancer drugs on the elemental constitution of kidneys and liver of mice. Principal component analysis is used to uncover relationships in element concentration and potential correlations between those and clinical effects.

Identifying and assessing matrix effect severity in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry using non-analyte signals and unsupervised learning.

An unsupervised data-driven methodology is used to quantify matrix effects caused by carbon and easily ionizable elements (EIEs) in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Background signals from nine plasma naturally-occurring species of Ar, H and O are used with principal component analysis (PCA) and affinity propagation (AP) clustering to evaluate the effects of complex matrices on ionic emission lines of Cd, Co, Cr and Pb. Matrix effect severity is then quantified based on Euclidean distance in principal component space from an average calibration curve point.