Fate and Transport of 17β-Estradiol beneath Animal Waste Holding Ponds.

Concentrated animal feeding operations typically store livestock waste in clay-lined ponds. Although these ponds are regulated to include a liner with a small hydraulic conductivity to limit leaching, previous studies have traced surface and groundwater contamination from such regulated animal waste ponds. This research examined the transport of 17β-estradiol (E2) and its primary metabolite, estrone (E1), through soil liners using field- and laboratory-based studies.

Using risk analysis to predict design flow exceedance of decentralized wastewater management systems.

In small communities, the number of residential units is a more stable indicator of wastewater volume than population. Large communities benefit from averaging because the likelihood of having concurrent large flows from all users is small. In contrast, a single septic system connected to a single residence must be designed to accommodate large flow variations.

In situ colloid mobilization in Hanford sediments under unsaturated transient flow conditions: effect of irrigation pattern.

Colloid transport may facilitate off-site transport of radioactive wastes at the Hanford site, Washington State. In this study, column experiments were conducted to examine the effect of irrigation schedule on releases of in situ colloids from two Hanford sediments during saturated and unsaturated transientflow and its dependence on solution ionic strength, irrigation rate, and sediment texture. Results show that transient flow mobilized more colloids than steady-state flow.