Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging.

Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis.

Evaluation of Albumin Kinetics in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Compared to Those With Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objectives: This report aims to characterize the kinetics of serum albumin in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with critically ill patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: We analyzed two critically ill cohorts, one with coronavirus disease 2019 and another with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, treated in the New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center.

Identifying organ dysfunction trajectory-based subphenotypes in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

COVID-19-associated respiratory failure offers the unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the differential host response to a uniform pathogenic insult. Understanding whether there are distinct subphenotypes of severe COVID-19 may offer insight into its pathophysiology. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is an objective and comprehensive measurement that measures dysfunction severity of six organ systems, i.

Attributable mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and survival analysis using targeted minimum loss-based estimation.

Background: Although acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality, its direct causal link with death is unclear. Clarifying this link is important to justify costly research on prevention of ARDS.

Objective: To estimate the attributable mortality, if any, of ARDS.

A Comparative Analysis of the Respiratory Subscore of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scoring System.

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) tool is a commonly used measure of illness severity. Calculation of the respiratory subscore of SOFA is frequently limited by missing arterial oxygen pressure (Pa) data. Although missing Pa data are commonly replaced with normal values, the performance of different methods of substituting Pa for SOFA calculation is unclear.

Rapid Transition of a PICU Space and Staff to Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019 ICU Care.

Objectives: We describe the process by which a PICU and a PICU care team were incorporated into a hospital-wide ICU care model during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Design: A descriptive, retrospective report from a single-center PICU.

Setting: Twenty-three bed, quaternary PICU, within an 862-bed hospital.

Circulating Mitochondrial DNA as Predictor of Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.

Background: Despite numerous publications on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the last decade it remains to be seen whether mtDNA can be used clinically. We conducted a systematic review to assess circulating cell-free mtDNA as a biomarker of mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016046670).

Acute respiratory distress syndrome without identifiable risk factors: A secondary analysis of the ARDS network trials.

Purpose: We examined whether patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lacking risk factors are enrolled in therapeutic trials and assessed their clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of patient-level data pooled from the ARMA, ALVEOLI, FACTT, ALTA and EDEN ARDSNet randomized controlled trials obtained from the Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. We compared baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes (before and after adjustment using Poisson regression model) of ARDS patients with versus without risk factors.

Mitochondrial DNA in Sepsis.

Purpose Of Review: Our understanding of critical illness is transforming as we develop a better understanding of the impact pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have on the pathogenesis of disease. Of the known DAMPs, there is a growing interest in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a DAMP capable of propagating the inflammatory response seen in sepsis and other conditions. In this review, we describe the varying mechanisms by which mtDNA is translocated from mitochondria into cytosol and the extracellular space where it can illicit an inflammatory response.