Physicochemical properties of soy protein hydrolysate and its formulation and stability with encapsulated probiotic under in vitro gastrointestinal environment.

The objective of this study was to prepare protein isolate from defatted soybean and identify an optimal hydrolysis protocol to create improved hydrolysates and ascertain the optimum encapsulation technique for probiotics. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared using an alkaline extraction procedure for solubility within a neutral, beverage-specific pH range. The soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) was prepared from aqueous extracted SPI using pepsin.

Hungry in hospital, well-fed in prison? A comparative analysis of food service systems.

Meals served in prisons and hospitals are produced in similar ways and have similar characteristics, yet hospital patients are often at risk of being undernourished, while prisoners typically are not. This article examines field notes collected during nutritional studies of prison and hospital food service, which confirmed the difference in nutrient intake claimed by other authors. A comparison of food service processes and systems showed that the production of meals and the quality leaving the kitchen was similar in both types of institution.

The relationship between emotions and food consumption (macronutrient) in a foodservice college setting - a preliminary study.

Many aspects of eating out have been studied, yet emotions remain an under-researched area, despite having been shown to play a significant role in food consumption. The aim of this research is to critically evaluate the relationship between emotions and food consumption (macronutrient) in a realistic eating environment, a college cafeteria. Subjects (n = 408), diners using a cafeteria, completed an emotions questionnaire before and after freely choosing, paying for and consuming a hot main meal.

Mosquitoes and other arthropod macro fauna associated with tank bromeliads in a Peruvian cloud forest.

Mosquitoes and other macro arthropods were collected in September 2008 from bucket bromeliads in the vicinity of the Wayqecha Cloud Forest Research Center in southeastern Peru, an area for which there are no published data. Range extensions of culicid species are reported.

Plate versus bulk trolley food service in a hospital: comparison of patients' satisfaction.

Objective: The aim of this research was to compare plate with bulk trolley food service in hospitals in terms of patient satisfaction. Key factors distinguishing satisfaction with each system would also be identified.

Methods: A consumer opinion card (n = 180), concentrating on the quality indicators of core foods, was used to measure patient satisfaction and compare two systems of delivery, plate and trolley.

The projection of neuroendocrine fibers (NCC I and II) in the brains of three orthopteroid insects.

Neuronal projections from neuroendocrine tracts (nervi corpori cordiaci I and II) in the brains of the locust (Schistocerca vaga), cricket (Acheta domesticus), and cockroach (Periplaneta americana) were studied using reconstructions of silver-intensified cobalt chloride preparations. Collaterals from the NCC I in these species branch extensively in the dorsal protocerebral neuropile, anterior to the stalk of the corpora pedunculata and ventral to its calyces. Other fibers project from the NCC I bilaterally into the medial protocerebral neuropile, anterior to the central body, and posterior to the beta lobes.

Embryonic development of an insect sensory system, the abdominal cerci ofAcheta domesticus.

1. The embryonic development of the abdominal cerci of the house cricketAcheta domesticus is described from scanning and transmission electron microscope data. 2.

Tracheation of abdominal ganglia and cerci in the house cricket Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae).

Patterns of tracheation in the abdominal central nervous system and the cerci of Acheta domesticus are described from whole mounts, and light and electron microscopy. The tracheal supply of the ganglia is derived from ventral longitudinal tracheal trunks which have segmental connections to the spiracels. Each abdominal ganglion is served by a single pair of tracheal trunks, except the terminal ganglion, which has two pairs.

Integument and sensory nerve differentiation ofDrosophila leg and wing imaginal discs in vitro.

An ultrastructural analysis is presented of the cuticular and neural structures formed by the prothoracic leg and wing imaginal discs of maleDrosophila melanogaster larvae during culture in vitro with 0.2 μg/ml of β-ecdysone. A pupal cuticle, and subsequently an imaginal cuticle with a well-defined epicuticle and a laminated endocuticle is formed.

Postembryonic brain development in the monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippus plexippus L. : II. The optic lobes.

1. Temporal and spatial aspects of postembryonic optic lobe development in a Lepidopteran,Danaus plexippus plexippus L., were analyzed using serial section reconstructions and H-thymidine radioautography to display loci of cell production and progressive movements of populations of cells.

Postembryonic brain development in the monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippus plexippus, L. : I. Cellular events during brain morphogenesis.

1. Cellular morphogenesis during postembryonic brain development inDanaus plexippus plexippus L. was examined using histological techniques including radioautography.