SOX2 sustentacular cells are stem cells of the postnatal adrenal medulla.

Renewal of the catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cell population of the adrenal medulla is necessary for physiological homeostasis throughout life. Definitive evidence for the presence or absence of an adrenomedullary stem cell has been enigmatic. In this work, we demonstrate that a subset of sustentacular cells endowed with a support role, are in fact adrenomedullary stem cells.

Pnictogen-based vanadacyclobutadiene complexes.

The reactivity of the V[triple bond, length as m-dash]C Bu multiple bonds in the complex (dBDI)V[triple bond, length as m-dash]C Bu(OEt) (C) (dBDI = ArNC(CH)CHC(CH)NAr, Ar = 2,6- PrCH) with unsaturated substrates such as N[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR (R = Ad or Ph) and P[triple bond, length as m-dash]CAd leads to the formation of rare 3d transition metal compounds featuring α-aza-vanadacyclobutadiene, (dBDI)V(κ- , - BuC(R)N) (R = Ad, 1; R = Ph, 2) and β-phospha-vanadacyclobutadiene moieties, (dBDI)V(κ- , - BuPAd) (3). Complexes 1-3 are characterized using multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, including the preparation of the 50% N-enriched isotopologue (dBDI)V(κ- , - BuCC(Ad)N) (1-N). Solid-state structural analysis is used to determine the dominant resonance structures of these unique pnictogen-based vanadacyclobutadienes.

Bone morphogenetic protein-3 is a negative regulator of transforming growth factor beta and fibrosis.

Fibrosis results in one-third of all deaths globally and is a major healthcare challenge. Fibrosis is scarring caused by the excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by fibroblasts. Inhibition of pathways downstream of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) a pluripotent growth factor, has potent antifibrotic effects in different organs.

Effects of chemoradiation and tongue exercise on swallow biomechanics and bolus kinematics.

Background: Common treatments for head and neck cancer (radiation and chemotherapy) can lead to dysphagia; tongue exercise is a common intervention. This study aimed to assess swallow biomechanics and bolus kinematics using a well-established rat model of radiation or chemoradiation treatment to the tongue base, with or without tongue exercise intervention.

Methods: Pre- and post-treatment videofluoroscopy was conducted on 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with radiation/chemoradiation and exercise/no exercise.

Genomic selection in western redcedar: from proof of concept to operational application.

Forests face many threats. While traditional breeding may be too slow to deliver well-adapted trees, genomic selection (GS) can accelerate the process. We describe a comprehensive study of GS from proof of concept to operational application in western redcedar (WRC, Thuja plicata).

Stridor and severe subglottic stenosis: emergency tracheostomy for a neonate with a pinhole trachea.

Congenital subglottic stenosis is a rare but potentially catastrophic condition. In this report, we describe the management of a term neonate who was noted to have biphasic stridor during preassessment for correction of an imperforate anus at 26 hours of life. The neonate was found to have a pinhole trachea secondary to congenital subglottic stenosis.

Altered tongue muscle contractile properties coincide with altered swallow function in the adult Ts65Dn mouse model of down syndrome.

Purpose: Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disability associated with difficulties in deglutition. The adult Ts65Dn mouse model of DS has been previously shown to have differences in measures of swallowing compared with euploid controls. However, the putative mechanisms of these differences in swallowing function are unclear.

General Surgery Resident Participation in a Mandatory Wellness Program: Six Years Later.

Introduction: Following the approval of a resident-created physician wellness program in 2016, an initial survey demonstrated majority support for the implementation of a mandatory curriculum. The purpose of this study is to survey surgical residents about the wellness curriculum six years after implementation and re-evaluate preference for mandatory participation.

Methods: In 2016, the CORE7 Wellness Program didactic sessions were integrated into the general surgery resident education curriculum.

Minimally-invasive airway management and early cleft palate repair in infants born with Robin sequence.

The objective of this study was to report outcomes of early cleft palate repair in infants born with Robin sequence (RS). A retrospective case series in a tertiary referral paediatric hospital was carried out, examining a consecutive series of 69 infants born with RS and cleft palate. A minimally invasive approach was taken to upper airway obstruction, with liberal nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use, guided by sleep studies.

Histological, chemical and gene expression differences between western redcedar seedlings resistant and susceptible to cedar leaf blight.

Introduction: Western redcedar () is an important species in the Cupressaceae both at economic and cultural levels in the Pacific Northwest of North America. In adult trees, the species produces one of the most weathering-resistant heartwoods among conifers, making it one of the preferred species for outdoor applications. However, young plants are susceptible to infection with cedar leaf blight (), an important foliar pathogen that can be devastating in nurseries and small-spaced plantations.

Early ultrasonic vocalization deficits and related thyroarytenoid muscle pathology in the transgenic TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurologic disease and the most common cause of dementia. Classic pathology in AD is characterized by inflammation, abnormal presence of tau protein, and aggregation of β-amyloid that disrupt normal neuronal function and lead to cell death. Deficits in communication also occur during disease progression and significantly reduce health, well-being, and quality of life.

Vanadium Alkylidyne Initiated Cyclic Polymer Synthesis: The Importance of a Deprotiovanadacyclobutadiene Moiety.

Reported is the catalytic cyclic polymer synthesis by a 3d transition metal complex: a V(V) alkylidyne, [(dBDI)V≡CBu(OEt)] (), supported by the deprotonated β-diketiminate dBDI (dBDI = ArNC(CH)CHC(CH)NAr, Ar = 2,6-PrCH). Complex is a precatalyst for the polymerization of phenylacetylene (PhCCH) to give cyclic poly(phenylacetylene) (-PPA), whereas its precursor, complex [(BDI)V≡CBu(OTf)] (; BDI = [ArNC(CH)]CH, Ar = 2,6-PrCH, OTf = OSOCF), and the zwitterion [((CF)B-dBDI)V≡CBu(OEt)] () exhibit low catalytic activity despite having a neopentylidyne ligand. Cyclic polymer topologies were verified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and intrinsic viscosity studies.

International pediatric otolaryngology group (IPOG) consensus on approach to aspiration.

Objective: To provide recommendations for a comprehensive management approach for infants and children presenting with symptoms or signs of aspiration.

Methods: Three rounds of surveys were sent to authors from 23 institutions worldwide. The threshold for the critical level of agreement among respondents was set at 80 %.

Metallacyclobuta-(2,3)-diene: A Bidentate Ligand for Stream-line Synthesis of First Row Transition Metal Catalysts for Cyclic Polymerization of Phenylacetylene.

Described here is a direct entry to two examples of 3d transition metal catalysts that are active for the cyclic polymerization of phenylacetylene, namely, [(BDI)M{κ -C,C-(Me SiC SiMe )}] (2-M) (BDI=[ArNC(CH )] CH , Ar=2,6- Pr C H ; M=Ti, V). Catalysts are prepared in one step by the treatment of [(BDI)MCl ] (1-M, M=Ti, V) with 1,3-dilithioallene [Li (Me SiC SiMe )]. Complexes 2-M have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized and the polymers that are catalytically formed from phenylacetylene were verified to have a cyclic topology based on a combination of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and intrinsic viscosity studies.

Tongue and laryngeal exercises improve tongue strength and vocal function outcomes in a Pink1-/- rat model of early Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) causes voice and swallow dysfunction even in early stages of the disease. Treatment of this dysfunction is limited, and the neuropathology underlying this dysfunction is poorly defined. Targeted exercise provides the greatest benefit for offsetting voice and swallow dysfunction, and previous data suggest the hypoglossal nucleus and noradrenergic-locus coeruleus (LC) may be involved in its early pathology.

A Machine Learning Paradigm for Studying Pictorial Realism: How Accurate are Constable's Clouds?

The British landscape painter John Constable is considered foundational for the Realist movement in 19th-century European painting. Constable's painted skies, in particular, were seen as remarkably accurate by his contemporaries, an impression shared by many viewers today. Yet, assessing the accuracy of realist paintings like Constable's is subjective or intuitive, even for professional art historians, making it difficult to say with certainty what set Constable's skies apart from those of his contemporaries.

Age-related sex differences in tongue strength and muscle morphometry in a rat model.

Objective: To investigate potential effects of sex on voluntary tongue strength, evoked twitch and tetanic tension, speed of contraction, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the muscles of the rat tongue. Additionally, we aimed to determine whether estrous cycle stage impacts any of the dependent variables as a pilot investigation into the use of female rats in a model of tongue exercise and aging.

Design: Fischer 344-Brown Norway male and female rats in two age groups (16 middle-aged, 16 young-adult) were trained to use a tongue force operandum.

Comprehensive management of anterior drooling: An International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus statement.

Objective: To provide guidance for the comprehensive management of children referred for anterior drooling. The mission of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) is to develop expertise-based recommendations for the management of pediatric otolaryngologic disorders with the goal of improving patient care.

Methods: Survey of expert opinion by the members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG).

Genetic architecture of terpene chemistry and growth traits and the impact of inbreeding on these traits in western redcedar ().

Western redcedar (WRC; ) is a conifer of the Pacific Northwest of North America prized for its durable and rot-resistant wood. WRC has naturally low outcrossing rates and readily self-fertilizes in nature. Challenges faced in WRC breeding and propagation involve selecting trees for accelerated growth while also ensuring enhanced heartwood rot resistance and resistance to ungulate browsing, as well as mitigating potential effects of inbreeding depression.

International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group: Consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis.

Introduction: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection commonly manifests as subacute or chronic cervicofacial lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. The optimal management of this pathology remains controversial.

Objectives: This international consensus guideline aims to understand the practice patterns for NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis and to address the primary diagnostic and management challenges.

The western redcedar genome reveals low genetic diversity in a self-compatible conifer.

We assembled the 9.8-Gbp genome of western redcedar (WRC; ), an ecologically and economically important conifer species of the Cupressaceae. The genome assembly, derived from a uniquely inbred tree produced through five generations of self-fertilization (selfing), was determined to be 86% complete by BUSCO analysis, one of the most complete genome assemblies for a conifer.

Genomic selection reveals hidden relatedness and increased breeding efficiency in western redcedar polycross breeding.

Western redcedar (WRC) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree species characterized by low genetic diversity with high self-compatibility and high heartwood durability. Using sequence capture genotyping of target genic and non-genic regions, we genotyped 44 parent trees and 1520 offspring trees representing 26 polycross (PX) families collected from three progeny test sites using 45,378 SNPs. Trees were phenotyped for eight traits related to growth, heartwood and foliar chemistry associated with wood durability and deer browse resistance.

International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus recommendations: Evaluation and management of congenital tracheal stenosis.

Objectives: To outline an expert-based consensus of recommendations for the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients with congenital tracheal stenosis.

Methods: Expert opinions were sought from members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) via completion of an 18-item survey utilizing an iterative Delphi method and review of the literature.

Results: Forty-three members completed the survey providing recommendations regarding the initial history, clinical evaluation, diagnostic evaluation, temporizing measures, definitive repair, and post-repair care of children with congenital tracheal stenosis.