Fragmentation and inefficiencies in US equity markets: Evidence from the Dow 30.

Using the most comprehensive source of commercially available data on the US National Market System, we analyze all quotes and trades associated with Dow 30 stocks in calendar year 2016 from the vantage point of a single and fixed frame of reference. We find that inefficiencies created in part by the fragmentation of the equity marketplace are relatively common and persist for longer than what physical constraints may suggest. Information feeds reported different prices for the same equity more than 120 million times, with almost 64 million dislocation segments featuring meaningfully longer duration and higher magnitude.

Percutaneous device closure of patent foramen ovale for secondary stroke prevention: a call for completion of randomized clinical trials. A science advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

The optimal therapy for prevention of recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale has not been defined. Although numerous observational studies have suggested a strong association between patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke, a causal relationship has not been convincingly established for the majority of affected patients. Treatment choices include medical therapy with antiplatelet agents or vitamin K antagonists, percutaneous device closure, or open surgical repair.

Percutaneous device closure of patent foramen ovale for secondary stroke prevention: a call for completion of randomized clinical trials: a science advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

The optimal therapy for prevention of recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale has not been defined. Although numerous observational studies have suggested a strong association between patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke, a causal relationship has not been convincingly established for the majority of affected patients. Treatment choices include medical therapy with antiplatelet agents or vitamin K antagonists, percutaneous device closure, or open surgical repair.

Liver transplantation: a small-volume unit experience.

Background: Results of liver transplantation have improved significantly over the last three decades. Hospital volume has been cited as an important outcome factor. The South Australian (SA) programme commenced in 1992 as the fourth centre in Australia.

Lamivudine plus low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation.

Background And Aims: High-dose intravenous hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) may prevent recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but the cost has limited its widespread use in countries with endemic HBV infection. We report on long-term safety and efficacy of an alternative strategy of very low doses (400-800 IU/month) of intramuscular (IM) HBIG plus lamivudine.

Methods: Australian and New Zealand patients who received low-dose HBIG plus lamivudine following liver transplantation for HBV-related end-stage liver disease were studied.

Detection of pulsus paradoxus associated with large pericardial effusions in pediatric patients by analysis of the pulse-oximetry waveform.

Objective: To determine whether analysis of the pulse-oximetry waveform can be useful in detecting the pulsus paradoxus associated with large pericardial effusions in pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of charts of 8 pediatric patients (age range: 5-19 years) who had echocardiographic evidence of large pericardial effusion, subsequently underwent pericardiocentesis, and had pulse-oximetry waveform tracings obtained before and after pericardiocentesis within an 18-month period was conducted in 2 tertiary-care pediatric intensive care units. We analyzed the pulse-oximetry waveform tracings for the presence of a pulsus paradoxus.