Epidemiology of Neurotrauma in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Experience of 10 Years.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children can lead to grave consequences. The mechanism, mode, and management of pediatric neurotrauma are different from adult neurotrauma, and there is a growing demand to study the clinicoepidemiology of pediatric TBI.

Objective: To explore the clinicoepidemiological profile and outcome of pediatric neurotrauma.

Efficacy of the Coronoid Notch and Occlusal Plane As Predictable Landmarks for Determining the Medial Cut Height in Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy: A Split-Mouth Observational Study.

Aim: This split-mouth observational study was conducted to assess the reliability and safety of using the coronoid notch and occlusal plane as landmarks to aid surgeons during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO).

Materials And Methods: Thirteen patients between the ages of 18 and 30 years, with class II and class III mandibular skeletal malocclusion requiring BSSO, were randomly selected and assigned to each of the study and control groups. A split-mouth study was chosen to conduct this research.

Catastrophic healthcare expenditure and caregiver burden in pediatric chronic kidney disease - a mixed methods study from a low resource setting.

Background: Caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in low resource settings must provide complex medical care at home while being burdened by treatment costs often paid out-of-pocket. We hypothesize that caregiver burden in our low resource setting is greater than reported from high income countries and is associated with frequent catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE).

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study of primary caregivers of children with advanced CKD (stage 3b-5) in our private-sector referral hospital in a low resource setting.

A Comparative Assessment of Right-Angle Screwdriver Versus Conventional Screwdriver for Orthognathic Surgeries.

Background Bilateral orthognathic surgery is one of the unique and challenging orthognathic surgeries that gained popularity after numerous modifications to the techniques. Using linear equipment inside the oral cavity might lead to malalignment or structural weakness due to incorrect placement, making the ramus osteotomy more difficult. By directly positioning the instrument perpendicularly over the mandibular ramus region, a right-angle drill can help promote a more ergonomic approach.

A comparison of conventional and accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy in definitive chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The study evaluates accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy (AHRT) compared to conventional fractionation radiotherapy (CFRT) in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) receiving definitive chemoradiation therapy.

Materials And Methods: The study includes a retrospective cohort analysis of 120 patients. CFRT arm (n = 65) received 2 Gy per fraction to a dose of 70 Gy over 7 weeks in a three-volume approach, whereas the AHRT arm (n = 55) received 2.

Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Oxygen Therapy in Children Under Five Years of Age with Respiratory Distress in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been used in children with bronchiolitis for a long time. Currently in the low-resource settings, the method of providing oxygen therapy via bubble CPAP (bCPAP) to children with respiratory distress is not standardized and the existing low-flow oxygen therapy has a high mortality rate.

Objectives: To study the effectiveness and safety of bCPAP as a respiratory support in children with respiratory distress.

Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19-vaccinated Patients Admitted to ICU: A Multicenter Cohort Study from India (PostCoVac Study-COVID Group).

Background: Emergency authorization and approval were given for the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines. The efficacy reported after phase III trials were 70.4% and 78% for Covishield and Covaxin, respectively.

Impacted esophageal foreign bodies in children.

Purpose: Foreign body (FB) ingestion in children has varied presentation. When unwitnessed, it poses therapeutic and diagnostic challenges especially in the presence of pre-existing anatomical pathology. We aim to analyze the clinical course, management, and outcome of children with impacted esophageal FBs.

The effect of l-arginine supplementation on amelioration of oxygen support in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Background & Aims: l-Arginine (l-Arg) has been shown to help reduce respiratory support requirements in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in an Italian study. We investigated the effect of l-Arg supplementation on the reduction in respiratory support for patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in an Indian population.

Methods: A parallel-group, triple-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia on oxygen (O) support.

Volumetric image guidance for intravaginal brachytherapy: A dosimetric and clinical study.

Background: The present retrospective dosimetric and clinical study aims to explore the subset of patients who will benefit from volumetric image guidance in intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-three consecutive patients who underwent IVBT using single-channel intravaginal cylinder were analyzed. The most common IVBT dose protocol was 1100 cGy in two fractions (with external beam radiotherapy [EBRT]) and 2200 cGy in four fractions (when used alone).

Implementation of pharmaceutical care service to elderly cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to identify drug-related problems (DRPs) for elderly cancer patients receiving chemotherapy by implementing pharmaceutical care services.

Methods: In this interventional study, patients were followed after each cycle till 12 weeks. The MOATT-MASCC teaching tool was used to educate patients about their therapy.

Role of Biomarkers and Its Trend to Predict the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Biomarkers have been extensively studied and used in the diagnosis and management of various diseases. The trend of biomarkers helps in prognosticating and managing critically ill patients. In resource-limited settings, the availability and feasibility of using these biomarkers are challenging.

Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Single-center Experience.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by dysregulated inflammation resulting in hypoxemia and respiratory failure and causes both morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: To describe the clinical profile, outcome, and predictors of mortality in ARDS in children admitted to the Pediatric intensive care unit.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in a 12-bed PICU involving children (1 month to 18 years) with ARDS as defined by Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) guidelines, over a period of 5 years (2016-2020).

Mechanochemical Access to Functional Clickates with Nitro-Retentive Selectivity via Organocatalyzed Oxidative Azide-Olefin Cycloaddition.

4-Nitro-1,2,3-triazoles are crucial precursors for high energy materials, and their practical synthesis is a long-standing problem. Herein, we communicate a mechanochemical route for the selective synthesis of 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles via organocatalyzed oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition between β-nitrostyrenes and organic azides. Our conditions avoid divergent pathways and permit the retention of the valuable NO group on the product.

Risk factors for renal scarring and clinical morbidity in children with high-grade and low-grade primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Introduction: Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and renal damage. However, the importance of early diagnosis of VUR has been questioned. Moreover, most studies have few patients with high-grade VUR.

Non-inferiority of low-dose compared to standard high-dose calcium supplementation in pregnancy: study protocol for two randomized, parallel group, non-inferiority trials in India and Tanzania.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as preterm birth, the leading cause of death for children under 5 years globally. The World Health Organization currently recommends that pregnant women receive high-dose calcium supplementation (1500-2000 mg elemental calcium) for prevention of preeclampsia in populations with low dietary calcium intake. Trials of low-dose calcium supplementation (< 1000 mg elemental calcium/day) during pregnancy have also shown similar reductions in the risk of preeclampsia; however, no trials to date have directly compared low-dose to the standard high-dose calcium supplementation.

Late toxicities in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy.

Purpose: The study aims to report late toxicities in locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 103 patients of LAHNSCC treated with IMRT. We analyzed the cumulative incidence of late xerostomia, dysphagia, and aspiration at an interval of 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year from the start of IMRT.

Safety of hydroxychloroquine in healthcare workers for COVID-19 prophylaxis.

Background & Objectives: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), reported to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication in in vitro studies, has been recommended for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in healthcare workers (HCWs). The objective of this study was to assess short-term adverse events (AEs) of HCQ in HCWs.

Methods: This cross-sectional study among consenting HCWs taking prophylaxis and working in hospitals with COVID-19 patients used online forms to collect details of HCWs, comorbidities, prophylactic drugs used and AEs after the first dose of HCQ.

Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice with cardiovascular disease, total mortality, blood lipids, and blood pressure in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: PURE study in 21 countries.

A simple procedure in a complex patient: perioperative takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a rare but life-threatening condition that is still not completely understood. Characterised by rapidly reversible ventricular dysfunction without any prior coronary artery disease, it can imitate a myocardial infarction and lead to death if not managed appropriately. This report examines a case of intraoperative cardiac arrest in a patient with no previous cardiac disease, and discusses the factors that may have precipitated this event, as well as the ways of distinguishing the cause of the arrest based on clinical course and investigations, eventually leading to a diagnosis of TTC.