A profile of urban agricultural growers, organizations, their needs, and challenges in the Northeastern United States.

Urban agriculture is increasingly valued as a strategy for improving quality of life in cities, but urban growers face challenges and often lack coordinated support from governments and the agricultural industry. We surveyed urban growers through an online survey, primarily in the Northeastern United States, to develop a profile of growers and associated organizations, assess the current state of urban agriculture, and determine how universities could help meet their needs. A total of 394 respondents completed the survey and most urban growers were white (non-Hispanic) and younger than 45 years old.

Rapid vertical exchange at fronts in the Northern Gulf of Mexico.

Over the Texas-Louisiana Shelf in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, the eutrophic, fresh Mississippi/Atchafalaya river plume isolates saltier waters below, supporting the formation of bottom hypoxia in summer. The plume also generates strong density fronts, features of the circulation that are known pathways for the exchange of water between the ocean surface and the deep. Using high-resolution ocean observations and numerical simulations, we demonstrate how the summer land-sea breeze generates rapid vertical exchange at the plume fronts.

Exploring older adult needs and preferences for technology-assisted group music-making. A qualitative analysis of data collected during the participatory user-centred design process.

Purpose: Engagement with arts, recreation and leisure is highly valued by older adults, with positive links to their continued wellbeing. Despite an availability of new music technology, these devices are rarely designed with older adults in mind. This project explores the needs and preferences of older adults in residential care as they interact with digital music interfaces in a group music-making context.

Integration of Web Analytics Into Graduate Medical Education: Usability Study.

Background: Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of website and web application usage data. While common in the e-commerce arena, web analytics is underutilized in graduate medical education (GME).

Objective: The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Department of Surgery website was revamped with input from in-house surgeons in August 2017.

Does Gender Matter: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of Viscoelastic Profiles for 1565 Trauma Patients With Severe Hemorrhage.

Background: Viscoelastic tests including thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) are being used in patients with severe hemorrhage at trauma centers to guide resuscitation. Several recent studies demonstrated hypercoagulability in female trauma patients that was associated with a survival advantage. The objective of our study was to elucidate the effects of gender differences in TEG/ROTEM values on survival in trauma patients with severe hemorrhage.

Effects of vacuum packaging storage of minimally processed cassava roots at various temperatures on microflora, tissue structure, starch extraction by wet milling and granule quality.

Background: Vacuum package storage is commonly applied to reduce postharvest deterioration in minimally processed cassava roots. However, the influence of vacuum packaging conditions on root end-use quality is poorly understood. Hence, the effects of vacuum packaged storage at ambient, refrigerated and freezing temperatures on microflora, cassava tissue structure and starch extraction by wet milling were studied.

New musical interfaces for older adults in residential care: assessing a user-centred design approach.

For older adults in aged-care, group music-making can bring numerous physical and psychological benefits, ultimately improving their quality of life. However, personalising music-making to optimise these benefits is often difficult given their diverse ages, experiences, abilities, cognitive and motor skills, and their experience with music technology.In this study, we conducted a 10-week group music-making intervention with twenty participants in an aged-care home, using a prototype digital musical instrument that we iteratively refined by following a user-centred design approach from direct resident feedback.

Characterization of Acidosis in Trauma Patient.

Background: Recent data suggest that acidosis alone is not a good predictor of mortality in trauma patients. Little data are currently available regarding factors associated with survival in trauma patients presenting with acidosis.

Aims: The aims were to characterize the outcomes of trauma patients presenting with acidosis and to identify modifiable risk factors associated with mortality in these patients.

Hemorrhage-Control Training in Medical Education.

Objectives: To evaluate and analyze the efficacy of implementation of hemorrhage-control training into the formal medical school curriculum. We predict this training will increase the comfort and confidence levels of students with controlling major hemorrhage and they will find this a valuable skill set for medical and other healthcare professional students.

Methods: After IRB and institutional approval was obtained, hemorrhage-control education was incorporated into the surgery clerkship curriculum for 96 third-year medical students at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences using the national Stop The Bleed program.

A randomized study to prevent lymphedema in women treated for breast cancer: CALGB 70305 (Alliance).

Background: Lymphedema affects many women who are treated for breast cancer. We examined the effectiveness of an education-only (EO) versus education plus sleeve compression/exercise intervention (lymphedema education and prevention [LEAP]) on lymphedema incidence and range of motion (ROM) in a group-randomized trial across 38 cooperative group sites.

Methods: The treating institution was randomly assigned to either EO or LEAP by a study statistician.

Health-related quality of life outcomes for the LEAP study-CALGB 70305 (Alliance): A lymphedema prevention intervention trial for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.

Background: Lymphedema is an adverse effect of breast cancer treatment that causes swelling and pain in the arm and hand. We tested 2 lymphedema prevention interventions and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a group-randomized trial at 38 cooperative group sites within the United States.

Methods: Patients were recruited before breast surgery.

Enhanced mixing across the gyre boundary at the Gulf Stream front.

The Gulf Stream front separates the North Atlantic subtropical and subpolar ocean gyres, water masses with distinct physical and biogeochemical properties. Exchange across the front is believed to be necessary to balance the freshwater budget of the subtropical gyre and to support the biological productivity of the region; however, the physical mechanisms responsible have been the subject of long-standing debate. Here, the evolution of a passive dye released within the north wall of the Gulf Stream provides direct observational evidence of enhanced mixing across the Gulf Stream front.

Opioid exposure after injury in United States trauma centers: A prospective, multicenter observational study.

Background: Efforts to reduce opioid use in trauma patients are currently hampered by an incomplete understanding of the baseline opioid exposure and variation in United States. The purpose of this project was to obtain a global estimate of opioid exposure following injury and to quantify the variability of opioid exposure between and within United States trauma centers.

Study Design: Prospective observational study was performed to calculate opioid exposure by converting all sources of opioids to oral morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs).

Resolving the heading-direction ambiguity in vertical-beam radar observations of migrating insects.

Each year, massive numbers of insects fly across the continents at heights of hundreds of meters, carried by the wind, bringing both environmental benefits and serious economic and social costs. To investigate the insects' flight behavior and their response to winds, entomological radar has proved to be a particularly valuable tool; however, its observations of insect orientation are ambiguous with regard to the head/tail direction, and this greatly hinders interpretation of the migrants' flight behavior.We have developed two related methods of using wind data to resolve the head/tail ambiguity, and we have compared their outputs with those from simply assigning the heading direction to be that which is closer to the track direction.

Is It Safe to Fly Patients with Penetrating Trauma in a Rural State?

Background: There is limited data pertaining to the triage and transportation of patients with penetrating trauma in rural states. Large urban trauma centers have found rapid transport to be beneficial even when done by nonemergency medical staff. However, there is limited application to a rural state with only a single level 1 trauma center.

Right external iliac artery thrombus following the use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for placenta accreta.

A 33-year-old female, 32 weeks and 1 day gestation, with known placenta accreta who presented to the emergency department with 2 h of severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. She became hypotensive and underwent emergency cesarean section. Emergency general surgery was consulted for placement of a resuscitative endovascular balloon for aortic occlusion (REBOA).

Morning report decreases length of stay in trauma patients.

Background: Modern acute care surgery (ACS) programs depend on consistent patient hand-offs to facilitate care, as most programs have transitioned to shift-based coverage. We sought to determine the impact of implementing a morning report (MR) model on patient outcomes in the trauma service of a tertiary care center.

Methods: The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) Division of ACS implemented MR in October 2015, which consists of the trauma day team, the emergency general surgery day team, and a combined night float team.

Dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to acute pancreatitis caused by hypertriglyceridemia.

A 30-year-old male presented to an outside facility with acute pancreatitis and triglycerides of 1594. He was transferred to our facility after becoming febrile, hypoxic and in acute renal failure with triglycerides of 4243. CT scan performed showed wall-off pancreatic necrosis.

Submesoscale Rossby waves on the Antarctic circumpolar current.

The eastward-flowing Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC) plays a central role in the global ocean overturning circulation and facilitates the exchange of water between the ocean surface and interior. Submesoscale eddies and fronts with scales between 1 and 10 km are regularly observed in the upper ocean and are associated with strong vertical circulations and enhanced stratification. Despite their importance in other locations, comparatively little is known about submesoscales in the Southern Ocean.

Severe acute gallstone pancreatitis with diffuse hemorrhagic gastritis.

A 67-year-old male presented with acute pancreatitis secondary to gallstones, also known as acute biliary pancreatitis, and subsequently developed gastric outlet obstruction and was transferred to our hospital. A gastro-jejunal feeding tube was placed and an open cholecystectomy was performed. The patient had a pancreatic drain placed for interval increase in pancreatic necrosis and then nearly exsanguinated from gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm bleed.

Measuring consumers' interest in instant fortified pearl millet products: a field experiment in Touba, Senegal.

Background: In Africa, food-processing industries are emerging fast, especially for cereals. New low-cost extrusion cookers give small enterprises an opportunity to enter the market for processed cereal products, in particular instant, fortified and flavoured mixes. Before engaging in the marketing of these products, consumers' interest needs to be assessed.

The hyperfibrinolytic phenotype is the most lethal and resource intense presentation of fibrinolysis in massive transfusion patients.

Background: Among bleeding patients, we hypothesized that the hyperfibrinolytic (HF) phenotype would be associated with the highest mortality, whereas shutdown (SD) patients would have the greatest complication burden.

Methods: Severely injured patients predicted to receive a massive transfusion at 12 Level I trauma centers were randomized to one of two transfusion ratios as described in the Pragmatic, Randomized, Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratio trial. Fibrinolysis phenotypes were determined based on admission clot lysis at 30 minutes (LY30): SD ≤0.

Effects of gamma-irradiation on cotyledon cell separation and pectin solubilisation in hard-to-cook cowpeas.

Background: Cowpeas stored under high temperature and humidity develop the hard-to-cook defect (HTC). This defect greatly increases cooking times and energy costs. To better understand the mechanisms involved in the HTC defect development, the effects of gamma-irradiation on cotyledon cellular structure and pectin solubility in two cowpea cultivars with different susceptibility to HTC defect were investigated.