Associations of Acculturation and Gender with Obesity and Physical Activity among Latinos.

Latinos disproportionately experience overweight/obesity (OWOB) and insufficient physical activity (PA), which are risk factors for numerous health conditions. Whereas numerous studies investigate acculturation as a determinant of OWOB and PA, few have examined acculturation multidimensionally, and none has examined its interaction with gender. Participants were 140 Latino adults.

Associations of positive and negative affect on health risk behaviors among Latinos.

Objective: Negative affect is widely emphasized in behavior modification interventions. However, positive affect is associated with smoking cessation, physical activity, and healthy dietary habits and may be an important treatment target. Few studies have examined the relationship between positive affect and health behaviors among Latinos, who disproportionately experience modifiable health risk behaviors.

The contribution of positive affect and loneliness on readiness and self-efficacy to quit smoking among Spanish-speaking Mexican American smokers.

Background: The existing research on affective and interpersonal determinants of smoking cessation largely under-represents minority smokers, such as Latinos.

Objective: The current study examined associations between affective and interpersonal factors with intermediary smoking cessation variables among Mexican-American smokers (N = 290; 60% male).

Methods: Measures of positive and negative affect, social support, and loneliness were each examined for associations with measures of motivational readiness to quit smoking, and smoking abstinence self-efficacy.

Associations of At-Risk Drinking, Current Smoking, and Their Co-Occurrence With Primary Care Service Utilization.

Purpose: Smoking and at-risk drinking are each associated with lower primary care utilization, but the influence of their co-occurrence is not known. The current study compared associations of endorsement of one behavior vs endorsement of both with primary care utilization.

Design: Cross-sectional telephone survey.

Associations of cannabis use frequency and cannabis use disorder with receiving a substance use screen and healthcare professional discussion of substance use.

Background And Objectives: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) can reduce substance use, but receipt of these services by those who use cannabis frequently and have cannabis use disorder (CUD) remains unexplored. We examined cannabis use frequency and CUD's associations with the odds of receiving a substance use screening and a healthcare professional discussion among those who used healthcare services.

Methods: Data came from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 214,505 aged 18+).

Cannabis use, use frequency, and use disorder in large metropolitan, small metropolitan, and nonmetropolitan areas.

Background: Despite significant geographical heterogeneity of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, little is known about potential differences in cannabis use behaviors in U.S. geographic areas.

Author Correction: LRIG1 is a pleiotropic androgen receptor-regulated feedback tumor suppressor in prostate cancer.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Multispecialty retrospective review of the clinical utility of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in the setting of pelvic pain.

Background: Pelvic pain is a common complaint, and management of it is often difficult. We sought to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of male pelvic pain. Though MRIs are commonly ordered to evaluate pelvic pain, there are very few studies obtaining the efficacy of pelvic MRI in determining a definitive diagnosis.

Comment on "Critical wind speed at which trees break".

Virot et al. [E. Virot et al.

Ligament Mediated Fragmentation of Viscoelastic Liquids.

The breakup and atomization of complex fluids can be markedly different than the analogous processes in a simple Newtonian fluid. Atomization of paint, combustion of fuels containing antimisting agents, as well as physiological processes such as sneezing are common examples in which the atomized liquid contains synthetic or biological macromolecules that result in viscoelastic fluid characteristics. Here, we investigate the ligament-mediated fragmentation dynamics of viscoelastic fluids in three different canonical flows.

Tumor-suppressive functions of 15-Lipoxygenase-2 and RB1CC1 in prostate cancer.

15-Lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX2) is a human-specific lipid-peroxidizing enzyme most prominently expressed in epithelial cells of normal human prostate but downregulated or completely lost in>70% of prostate cancer (PCa) cases. Transgenic expression of 15-LOX2 in the mouse prostate surprisingly causes hyperplasia. Here we first provide evidence that 15-LOX2-induced prostatic hyperplasia does not progress to PCa even in p53(+/-) or p53(-/-) background.

Application of the fractional Fourier transform to the design of LCOS based optical interconnects and fiber switches.

It is shown that reflective liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator (SLM) based interconnects or fiber switches that use defocus to reduce crosstalk can be evaluated and optimized using a fractional Fourier transform if certain optical symmetry conditions are met. Theoretically the maximum allowable linear hologram phase error compared to a Fourier switch is increased by a factor of six before the target crosstalk for telecom applications of -40 dB is exceeded. A Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm incorporating a fractional Fourier transform modified for use with a reflective LCOS SLM is used to optimize multi-casting holograms in a prototype telecom switch.

Use of wavefront encoding in optical interconnects and fiber switches for cross talk mitigation.

A technique of cross talk mitigation developed for liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator based optical interconnects and fiber switches is demonstrated. By purposefully introducing an appropriate aberration into the system, it is possible to reduce the worst-case cross talk by over 10 dB compared to conventional Fourier-transform-based designs. Tests at a wavelength of 674 nm validate this approach, and show that there is no noticeable reduction in diffraction efficiency.

The classic: Cartilaginous-cup arthroplasty in ununited fractures of the neck of the femur. 1948.

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by J. R. Moore, Cartilaginous-Cup Arthroplasty in Ununited Fractures of the Neck of the Femur.

Implementation of a pharmacy automation system (robotics) to ensure medication safety at Norwalk hospital.

This article reports an intervention to improve the quality and safety of hospital patient care by introducing the use of pharmacy robotics into the medication distribution process. Medication safety is vitally important. The integration of pharmacy robotics with computerized practitioner order entry and bedside medication bar coding produces a significant reduction in medication errors.

Simulating the dynamic behavior of Douglas-fir trees under applied loads by the finite element method.

The finite element method of structural analysis was used to model the dynamic behavior of three 20-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees subjected to applied loading. Detailed measurements of stem and branch geometry were made for each tree, enabling the first-order branches of each tree to be represented as individual cantilever beams attached to the stem.

Modelling environmental variation in Young's modulus for Pinus radiata and implications for determination of critical buckling height.

Background And Aims: Although density-specific stiffness, E/rho, (where E is Young's modulus and rho is wood density) is often assumed constant by the elastic similarity model, and in determination of critical buckling height (H(crit)), few studies have tested this assumption within species. Here this assumption is tested for Pinus radiata growing across an environmental gradient, and theory is combined with data to develop a model of Young's modulus.

Methods: Analyses use an extensive series of environmental plots covering the range of climatic and edaphic conditions over which P.

Gas in stems: abundance and potential consequences for tree biomechanics.

Secondary xylem of woody plants has a large volumetric proportion of gas occupying spaces that would otherwise be filled with water. We examined whether these gas-filled voids have a mechanical role by either decreasing the fresh mass the tree must support (by replacing some of the water with gas) or by providing inexpensive filler to increase stem diameter (thereby increasing the second moment of area at the expense of the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture). Calculations from published data show that temperate softwood species (n = 26) average 18 and 50% gas by volume for sapwood and heartwood, respectively; temperate hardwood species (n = 31) average 26% gas by volume in both the sapwood and heartwood; and tropical species (n = 52) with mixed sapwood and heartwood have 18% gas by volume.