Contrast-Enhanced In-Phase Dixon Sequence: Impact on Biopsy Clip Detection on Breast MRI.

Identification of breast biopsy clips using conventional MRI sequences may be challenging. A contrast-enhanced in-phase Dixon sequence may have greater conspicuity for areas of susceptibility compared with standard clinical sequences. The purpose of this article is to compare detection of breast biopsy clips on MRI between the contrast-enhanced in-phase Dixon sequence and three routine clinical sequences.

Patient and Radiologist Demographics Influence Perceptions of Screening Mammography Reports.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test whether patient and radiologist demographics influence perceptions of screening mammography reports and the interpreting radiologist.

Methods: Patients presenting for breast imaging were surveyed. Demographics were collected, and each participant was shown five mock screening mammography reports with BI-RADS category 2 findings, each with a recommendation for 1-year screening.

Perceived Risk of Harm Mediates the Effects of Primary Care Alcohol Use Screening and Brief Advice in Adolescents.

Purpose: A previous trial found lower alcohol use risk during follow-up among adolescent primary care patients receiving computer-facilitated Screening and provider Brief Advice (cSBA) compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). We tested whether the effect was mediated by alcohol-related perceived risk of harm (PRoH).

Methods: We analyzed data from the cSBA trial on 12- to 18-year-old patients at 9 New England practices (n = 2,096, 58% females).

mutation suppresses colorectal cancer by promoting eEF2 phosphorylation via eEF2K.

Increased protein synthesis supports the rapid cell proliferation associated with cancer. The mutant mouse reduces the expression of the ribosomal protein RPL24 and has been used to suppress translation and limit tumorigenesis in multiple mouse models of cancer. Here, we show that also suppresses tumorigenesis and proliferation in a model of colorectal cancer (CRC) with two common patient mutations, and .

Adolescent Gender and Age Differences in Religiously and Spiritually Motivated Types of Forgiveness and the Relationship to Depressive Symptoms.

We examined three religiously/spiritually motivated forgiveness types, forgiveness of self, others, and divine forgiveness, and their association with depressive symptoms, across adolescent gender and age groups. Twelve- to 18-year-old patients arriving for primary care completed a 3-item Forgiveness measure and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Girls reported a higher tendency to forgive others compared to boys, and self-forgiveness and divine forgiveness tended to decline with age in both genders.

Pediatric Primary Care Provider Perspectives on a Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Intervention System for Adolescent Substance Use.

Purpose: This study aimed to elicit pediatric primary care providers' (PCPs) feedback on the acceptability and feasibility of implementing a tablet computer-facilitated Screening and Brief Intervention (cSBI) system for adolescent substance use in their practices.

Methods: We trained PCPs at five Boston area practices and enrolled their 12- to 18-year-old patients in a pilot randomized trial of cSBI versus usual care. PCPs completed an 18-item poststudy questionnaire.

Effect of Computer-Based Substance Use Screening and Brief Behavioral Counseling vs Usual Care for Youths in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Annual preventive health visits provide an opportunity to screen youths for unhealthy substance use and intervene before serious harm results.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and acceptability and estimate the efficacy of a primary care computer-facilitated screening and practitioner-delivered brief intervention (CSBI) system compared with usual care (UC) for youth substance use and associated risk of riding with an impaired driver.

Design, Setting, And Participants: An intent-to-treat pilot randomized clinical trial compared CSBI with UC among 965 youths aged 12 to 18 years at 5 pediatric primary care offices and 54 practitioners.

Screening and Brief Advice to Reduce Adolescents' Risk of Riding With Substance-Using Drivers.

Objective: Alcohol- and drug-related car crashes are a leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States. This analysis tested the effects of a computer-facilitated Screening and Brief Advice (cSBA) system for primary care on adolescents' reports of driving after drinking or drug use (driving) and riding with substance-using drivers (riding).

Method: Twelve- to 18-year-old patients (N = 2,096) at nine New England pediatric offices completed assessments only during the initial 18-month treatment-as-usual (TAU) phase.

Empirical validation of the CRAFFT Abuse Screening Test in a Spanish sample.

The CRAFFT Substance Abuse Screening Instrument, developed by the Center for Adolescents Substance Abuse Research (CeASAR) (Knight et al., 1999), is a screening tool for high-risk alcohol and drug risk consumption designed for use with adolescents. Since its publication it has been the subject of translations and validations in different countries, populations and contexts that have demonstrated its enormous potential.

Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Advice to Reduce Adolescents' Heavy Episodic Drinking: A Study in Two Countries.

Purpose: A computer-facilitated screening and brief advice (cSBA) intervention was previously shown to reduce drinking among U.S. adolescents but not among Czech youth.

RTN3 Is a Novel Cold-Induced Protein and Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of RBM3.

Cooling and hypothermia are profoundly neuroprotective, mediated, at least in part, by the cold shock protein, RBM3. However, the neuroprotective effector proteins induced by RBM3 and the mechanisms by which mRNAs encoding cold shock proteins escape cooling-induced translational repression are unknown. Here, we show that cooling induces reprogramming of the translatome, including the upregulation of a new cold shock protein, RTN3, a reticulon protein implicated in synapse formation.

Association Between Substance Use Diagnoses and Psychiatric Disorders in an Adolescent and Young Adult Clinic-Based Population.

Purpose: Adolescents with substance use disorders are more likely to have a current psychiatric disorder. However, when compared with the adult literature, there is relatively limited information regarding the specific co-occurrence of certain mental health diagnoses and substance use disorders in adolescents. The objectives of this study were to build on the previous literature regarding mental health diagnoses and different types of substance use disorders in adolescents, as well as explore the differences, if any, between groupings of mental health diagnosis and type of substance used.

A common polymorphism in the 5' UTR of ERCC5 creates an upstream ORF that confers resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy.

We show that a common polymorphic variant in the ERCC5 5' untranslated region (UTR) generates an upstream ORF (uORF) that affects both the background expression of this protein and its ability to be synthesized following exposure to agents that cause bulky adduct DNA damage. Individuals that harbor uORF1 have a marked resistance to platinum-based agents, illustrated by the significantly reduced progression-free survival of pediatric ependymoma patients treated with such compounds. Importantly, inhibition of DNA-PKcs restores sensitivity to platinum-based compounds by preventing uORF1-dependent ERCC5 expression.

Putting the Screen in Screening: Technology-Based Alcohol Screening and Brief Interventions in Medical Settings.

Alcohol is strongly linked to the leading causes of adolescent and adult mortality and health problems, making medical settings such as primary care and emergency departments important venues for addressing alcohol use. Extensive research evidence supports the effectiveness of alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBIs) in medical settings, but this valuable strategy remains underused, with medical staff citing lack of time and training as major implementation barriers. Technology-based tools may offer a way to improve efficiency and quality of SBI delivery in such settings.

Control of translation in the cold: implications for therapeutic hypothermia.

Controlled whole-body cooling has been used since the 1950s to protect the brain from injury where cerebral blood flow is reduced. Therapeutic hypothermia has been used successfully during heart surgery, following cardiac arrest and with varied success in other instances of reduced blood flow to the brain. However, why reduced temperature is beneficial is largely unknown.

Adolescent substance use screening in primary care: Validity of computer self-administered versus clinician-administered screening.

Background: Computer self-administration may help busy pediatricians' offices increase adolescent substance use screening rates efficiently and effectively, if proven to yield valid responses. The CRAFFT screening protocol for adolescents has demonstrated validity as an interview, but a computer self-entry approach needs validity testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the criterion validity and time efficiency of a computerized adolescent substance use screening protocol implemented by self-administration or clinician-administration.

Medical marijuana: review of the science and implications for developmental-behavioral pediatric practice.

Marijuana policy is rapidly evolving in the United States and elsewhere, with cannabis sales fully legalized and regulated in some jurisdictions and use of the drug for medicinal purposes permitted in many others. Amidst this political change, patients and families are increasingly asking whether cannabis and its derivatives may have therapeutic utility for a number of conditions, including developmental and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. This review examines the epidemiology of cannabis use among children and adolescents, including those with developmental and behavioral diagnoses.