Factors contributing to U.S. parents' decisions to administer melatonin to children.

Objective: Pediatric melatonin use is increasingly prevalent in the U.S. despite limited research on its efficacy and long-term safety.

Sleep timing is associated with self-reported dietary patterns in 9- to 15-year-olds.

Objective: To examine sleep timing differences in self-reported dietary patterns of children and adolescents.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Participants: Students aged 9-15 years (n=119, 11.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Children's Sleep-Wake Scale.

Objective: To describe the development and psychometric evaluation of the Children's Sleep-Wake Scale (CSWS), a caregiver-report measure of behavioral sleep quality in 2- to 8-year-old children.

Design: Five studies using independent samples were completed to generate, refine, and finalize the item pool, as well as to confirm the factor structure and to assess the reliability and validity of the CSWS.

Setting: Field.

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) in 2- to 4-year-old children: effects of acute nighttime sleep restriction, wake time, and daytime napping.

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is presumed critically important for healthy adaptation. The current literature, however, is hampered by systematic measurement difficulties relative to awakening, especially with young children. While reports suggest the CAR is smaller in children than adults, well-controlled research in early childhood is scarce.

The long-term tolerability and efficacy of armodafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with treated obstructive sleep apnea, shift work disorder, or narcolepsy: an open-label extension study.

Study Objectives: Armodafinil is a wakefulness-promoting medication. Its efficacy and tolerability have been established in 12-week studies of patients with excessive sleepiness (ES) associated with treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), shift work disorder (SWD), or narcolepsy. This study evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of armodafinil for > or = 12 months.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of armodafinil for excessive sleepiness in patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid depression.

Objective: Treatment of excessive sleepiness in the context of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be particularly difficult in those with depression because depression and/or antidepressant medications may cause sleepiness and fatigue in addition to that due to the OSA. This study evaluating armodafinil, a nonamphetamine wakefulness-promoting medication, is the first trial for treatment of excessive sleepiness in patients with treated OSA and comorbid depression.

Method: Men and women with OSA diagnosed using International Classification of Sleep Disorders criteria being treated with continuous positive airway pressure and comorbid major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were enrolled into a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study between September 2007 and March 2009 at 60 outpatient sites.

A case-control study of the environmental risk factors for narcolepsy.

Background: Despite the acknowledged importance of environmental risk factors in the etiology of narcolepsy, there is little research on this topic. This study sought to fill this gap in the literature and assess the risk of stressors and infectious diseases using a case-control study.

Methods: Cases (n = 63) were recruited through the Stanford Center for Narcolepsy.

The efficacy and safety of armodafinil as treatment for adults with excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy.

Objective: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of armodafinil, the longer half-life enantiomer of modafinil, for the treatment of excessive sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy.

Research Design And Methods: This was a multicenter double-blind study with 196 patients (aged 18-65 years) randomized to receive armodafinil 150 mg (n = 65), armodafinil 250 mg (n = 67), or placebo (n = 64) once daily for 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures: Efficacy was assessed using the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) (six 20-min subtests across the day), the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C), subjective measures of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), patient diaries, and evaluations of cognitive performance (Cognitive Drug Research) and fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory).

The month-of-birth pattern in narcolepsy is moderated by cataplexy severity and may be independent of HLA-DQB1*0602.

Objectives: A March peak and a September trough in the birth pattern of narcolepsy patients with clear-cut cataplexy was recently reported. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the month-of-birth pattern would (a) vary with the presence and severity of cataplexy and (b) differ for patients positive and negative for HLA-DQB1*0602.

Design: Cross-sectional survey with data obtained from the clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of modafinil in the treatment of narcolepsy.

Modafinil facilitates performance on a delayed nonmatching to position swim task in rats.

Modafinil is a wake-promoting drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of narcolepsy. Recent evidence suggests that modafinil may improve learning and memory processes. To further evaluate possible cognitive properties associated with modafinil, male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in a delayed nonmatching to position (DNMTP) task.