Quantification of Total Particulate Matter and Benzene-Soluble Fraction Inhalation Exposures in Roofing Workers Performing Tear-off Activities.

Asphalt shingle removal (tear-off) from roofs is a major job task for an estimated 174,000 roofers in the United States. However, a literature search showed that there are no published studies that characterize worker inhalation exposures to asphalt particulates during shingle tear-off. To begin to fill this gap, the present study of inhalation exposures of roofers performing asphalt shingle tear-off was undertaken.

Syntheses, X-ray Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Properties of New Nickel Dithiolenes and Related Compounds.

The direct addition of nickel powder to the reaction mixtures of 1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dioxoimidazolidine-2-thione (1) with the thionation Lawesson reagent produces [Ni(II)(R(2)timdt(-))(2)] (R(2)timdt = 1,3-dialkylmidazolidine-2,4,5-trithione). These complexes belong to a new class of nickel-dithiolenes, showing remarkably high absorption (epsilon approximately 80 000 dm(3) mol(-)(1) cm(-)(1), lambda approximately 1000 nm) in the near-infrared region (near-IR), accompanied by high photochemical stability that makes these complexes promising near-IR dyes. In the absence of nickel the reaction yields generally the compounds 4,5,6,7-tetrathiocino[1,2-b:3,4-b']diimidazolyl-1,3,8,10-tetraalkane-2,9-dithione (2) instead of the expected 1,3-dialkylimidazolidine-2,4,5-trithione.