Suspected fenugreek ( L.) toxicosis in a herd of Saskatchewan beef cattle.

An apparent outbreak of fenugreek forage toxicosis occurred in a beef cattle herd near Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan in February-May 2022. The herd had consumed fenugreek hay from late fall to early winter. Clinical signs included various degrees of weakness, ataxia, knuckling, walking on hocks, and recumbency.

Association between respiratory disease pathogens in calves near feedlot arrival with treatment for bovine respiratory disease and subsequent antimicrobial resistance status.

Introduction: This study assessed the risk of first treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) given detection of nasopharyngeal bacteria (, and ) and corresponding likelihood of antimicrobial susceptibility (C/S) at two time points during the early feeding period. Relationships between C/S results and later treatment for BRD were evaluated at both the calf-level and pen-level. The association between calf-level and pen-level C/S findings during the early feeding period and subsequent C/S results at BRD treatment were also reported.

Comparison of postweaning bovine respiratory disease treatment rates between non-vaccinated control beef calves and calves variably primed and boosted using commercially available bovine coronavirus vaccines.

Objective: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and overall postweaning treatment rates were compared among 3 groups of calves either differentially primed and boosted with commercially available bovine coronavirus (BCoV) vaccine or not vaccinated against BCoV.

Animals: Commercial heifer and steer beef calves born in April and May 2022.

Procedure: In June 2022, calves were randomly enrolled into 3 treatment groups.

Variation in Pen-Level Prevalence of BRD Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Following Feedlot Arrival in Beef Calves.

Antimicrobials are crucial for treating bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef feedlots. Evidence is needed to support antimicrobial use (AMU) decisions, particularly in the early part of the feeding period when BRD risk is highest. The study objective was to describe changes in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of BRD bacterial pathogens at feedlot processing (1 day on feed (1DOF)), 12 days later (13DOF), and for a subset at 36DOF following metaphylactic antimicrobial treatment.

Incidence and Risks of HIV Infection, Medication Options, and Adverse Effects in Accidental Needle Stick Injuries: A Narrative Review.

Accidental needle sticks can lead to infections, including HIV. As scientists have learned more about HIV and its replicative physiology, identification of target sites and novel medications have been developed. HIV is spread throughout the population through contact with blood, semen, and rectal or vaginal secretions of infected individuals.

Antimicrobial resistance in generic isolated from western Canadian cow-calf herds.

Objective: To examine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal fecal from extensively managed beef calves and cows in western Canada and describe the differences among cows and calves in the spring and fall.

Animal: Beef cattle, cow-calf.

Procedure: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on generic isolates collected from 388 calves and 387 cows from 39 herds following calving in 2021, 419 calves from 39 herds near weaning, and 357 cows from 36 herds at pregnancy testing.

Pharmacological Approaches in Managing Symptomatic Relief of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Review.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition that affects aging men, leading to the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and potentially severe complications such as complete obstruction. The management of BPH typically involves the use of medications from different classes, including alpha-1 antagonists, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and anticholinergics. Combination therapy utilizing drugs from different classes can also effectively manage the BPH-LUTS complex.

Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus isolated from western Canadian cow-calf herds.

Background: Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in cow-calf herds is limited and there have been no Canadian studies examining AMR in Enterococcus in cow-calf herds. Enterococcus is a ubiquitous Gram-positive indicator of AMR for enteric organisms that is also important in human health. The objective of this study was to describe AMR in specific Enterococcus species of interest from cow-calf herds; highlighting differences in AMR among isolates from cows and calves and samples collected in the spring and fall.

Total and pathogen-specific serum Immunoglobulin G concentrations in neonatal beef calves, Part 1: Risk factors.

Maternal antibodies, delivered to the calf via colostrum, are crucial to prevent calfhood diseases and death. However, knowledge regarding the factors influencing this transfer of total and specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against common enteric and respiratory disease pathogens under current production conditions is sparse. The objectives of this study were to determine risk factors influencing total and pathogen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations against Escherichia coli (E.

Total and pathogen-specific serum Immunoglobulin G concentrations in neonatal beef calves, Part 2: Associations with health and growth.

The association of poor transfer of passive immunity (TPI) with negative health outcomes is extensively researched in dairy calves. However, few field studies have examined the effect of total and particularly pathogen-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations on pre-weaning health and growth of beef calves. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the association of total and pathogen-specific IgG concentrations against selected pathogens associated with neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and the odds of pre-weaning treatments, mortality, and the growth of newborn beef calves.

Antimicrobial Use in Canadian Cow-Calf Herds.

Despite growing concern surrounding antimicrobial use (AMU) and the importance of cow-calf herds to the Canadian livestock industry, surveillance of AMU in cow-calf herds to inform antimicrobial stewardship programs has been sporadic. Producers from the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network (87%, 146/168) provided data and almost all reported AMU in at least one animal (99%, 145/146 herds) in 2019-2020. The most common reasons for AMU were treatment of respiratory disease in nursing calves in 78% of herds and neonatal diarrhea in 67% of herds, as well as for lameness in cows in 83% of herds.

Integration of ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding with Fecal Egg Count Reduction Testing (FECRT) reveals ivermectin resistance in multiple gastrointestinal nematode species, including hypobiotic Ostertagia ostertagi, in western Canadian beef cattle.

A large-scale Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was integrated with ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding to investigate anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites in western Canadian beef cattle. The study was designed to detect anthelmintic resistance with the low fecal egg counts that typically occur in cattle in northern temperate regions. Two hundred and thirty-four auction market-derived, fall-weaned steer calves coming off pasture were randomized into three groups in feedlot pens: an untreated control group, an injectable ivermectin treatment group, and an injectable ivermectin/oral fenbendazole combination treatment group.

Effects of naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infection on bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine-directed antibody response in western Canadian feedlot cattle.

Objective: To determine how gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection, reflected by fecal egg counts and serum antibody titers, is associated with the antibody response to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) vaccine antigen in fall-weaned feedlot cattle from western Canada.

Animals: Cross-sectional study with 240 steer calves derived from an auction market.

Procedure: At feedlot arrival, calves were given a commercial vaccine containing modified live BVDV-1.

Regional heterogeneity and unexpectedly high abundance of Cooperia punctata in beef cattle at a northern latitude revealed by ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding.

Background: The species composition of cattle gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) communities can vary greatly between regions. Despite this, there is remarkably little large-scale surveillance data for cattle GIN species which is due, at least in part, to a lack of scalable diagnostic tools. This lack of regional GIN species-level data represents a major knowledge gap for evidence-based parasite management and assessing the status and impact of factors such as climate change and anthelmintic drug resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory disease: Auction market- and ranch-raised calves.

This study compared changes in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of , and in feedlot calves derived from the auction market (AUCT; = 299) and from a single-ranch source (RANCH; = 300). In the AUCT calves, the prevalence of decreased, whereas increased over the feeding period. The AUCT calves showed an increase in isolates not susceptible to tulathromycin for all bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens, an increase in and isolates not susceptible to oxytetracycline, and an increase in isolates not susceptible to florfenicol.

Biosecurity practices in western Canadian cow-calf herds and their association with animal health.

Biosecurity practices of beef cow-calf herds in western Canada have not been studied extensively nor is there a good understanding of their association with herd health. A survey was sent to 103 cow-calf producers of the Western Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network. Eighty completed questionnaires were returned.

Benchmarking calving management practices on western Canada cow-calf operations.

Benchmarking current calving management practices and herd demographics in the western Canadian cow-calf production system helps to fill the gap in knowledge and understanding of how this production system works. Further investigation into the relationships between management decisions and calf health may guide the development of management practices and protocols to improve calf health, especially in compromised calves after a difficult birth. Therefore, the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to describe current calving management practices on western Canadian cow-calf ranches and to investigate the association of herd demographics with herd-level incidence of calving assistance, morbidity, mortality, and use of calving and colostrum management practices.

Gastrointestinal nematode prevalence and fecal egg counts in beef cattle from western Canada.

Fecal samples were collected from cows ( = 1458), calves ( = 1188), and replacement heifers ( = 921) between 2012 and 2014 from 199 herds and generalized estimating equations were used to predict mean fecal egg counts and prevalence of egg-positive samples. Replacement heifers had the highest prevalence of Trichostrongylid-type eggs at 83% [95% confidence interval (CI): 78% to 87%], and cows had the lowest at 75% (95% C: 70% to 81%). spp.

Gastrointestinal nematode management in western Canadian cow-calf herds.

There is a paucity of information from western Canadian beef cow-calf producers about how they control gastrointestinal nematodes. The objectives of this study were to describe cow-calf producers' management practices related to control of gastrointestinal nematodes including pasture management and use of parasite control products. A questionnaire was distributed to 105 producers in May 2015.

Correction: Identifying performance benchmarks and determinants for reproductive performance and calf survival using a longitudinal field study of cow-calf herds in western Canada.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Identifying performance benchmarks and determinants for reproductive performance and calf survival using a longitudinal field study of cow-calf herds in western Canada.

The cow-calf industry in North America is in a period of rapid consolidation with corresponding increases in herd sizes and changes in management. The objectives of this study were to examine longitudinal data on reproductive performance in cow-calf herds and identify benchmarks for the most critical measures and important sources of differences among herds. To address these questions, a surveillance network was established in western Canada to collect data between 2013 to 2017 privately owned cow-calf herds during calving (n = 105 herds) and at pregnancy testing (n = 94 herds).

Antimicrobial resistance in fecal and spp. from beef cows in western Canada and associations with herd attributes and antimicrobial use.

The objectives of this study were to describe the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in and spp. isolates in fecal samples from beef cow-calf herds and to examine the associations between herd management practices, reported antimicrobial use, and AMR. Baseline prevalence data are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programs.