Reproducible preclinical models of androgen receptor driven human prostate cancer bone metastasis.

Background: Preclinical models recapitulating the metastatic phenotypes are essential for developing the next-generation therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). We aimed to establish a cohort of clinically relevant mPC models, particularly androgen receptor positive (AR) bone metastasis models, from LuCaP patient-derived xenografts (PDX) that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of mPC.

Methods: PDX tumors were dissociated into single cells, modified to express luciferase, and were inoculated into NSG mice via intracardiac injection.

Localized high-risk prostate cancer harbors an androgen receptor low subpopulation susceptible to HER2 inhibition.

Patients diagnosed with localized high-risk prostate cancer have higher rates of recurrence, and the introduction of neoadjuvant intensive hormonal therapies seeks to treat occult micrometastatic disease by their addition to definitive treatment. Sufficient profiling of baseline disease has remained a challenge in enabling the in-depth assessment of phenotypes associated with exceptional vs. poor pathologic responses after treatment.

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Is a Biomarker for Residual Disease following Neoadjuvant Intense Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant intense androgen deprivation therapy (iADT) can exert a wide range of histological responses, which in turn are reflected in the final prostatectomy specimen. Accurate identification and measurement of residual tumor volumes are critical for tracking and stratifying patient outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The goal of this current study was to evaluate the ability of antibodies against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to specifically detect residual tumor in a cohort of 35 patients treated with iADT plus enzalutamide for 6 months prior to radical prostatectomy.

Nascent Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity Drives Evolution and Resistance to Intense Hormonal Therapy.

Background: Patients diagnosed with high risk localized prostate cancer have variable outcomes following surgery. Trials of intense neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) have shown lower rates of recurrence among patients with minimal residual disease after treatment. The molecular features that distinguish exceptional responders from poor responders are not known.

Sequential Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Newly Diagnosed High-risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Enzalutamide is Predictive of Therapeutic Response.

Purpose: For high-risk prostate cancer, standard treatment options include radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Despite definitive therapy, many patients will have disease recurrence. Imaging has the potential to better define characteristics of response and resistance.

A case report of multiple primary prostate tumors with differential drug sensitivity.

Localized prostate cancers are genetically variable and frequently multifocal, comprising spatially distinct regions with multiple independently-evolving clones. To date there is no understanding of whether this variability can influence management decisions for patients with prostate tumors. Here, we present a single case from a clinical trial of neoadjuvant intense androgen deprivation therapy.

Solvent Selection for Lignin Value Prior to Pulping.

Solvent selection guides are crucial in chemical process design and development. Lignin from lignocellulosic biomass is a potentially attractive feedstock for sustainable chemical feedstocks. One approach would use a solvent to recover lignin prior to the traditional pulping process to make cellulose fibers: lignin value prior to pulping (LVPP).