Assessment of clinical depression metrics in cardiac patients using the patient health Questionnaire-9 before and after phase-II cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, a fact that is commonly associated with co-morbidities such as clinical depression. While phase II cardiac rehabilitation is an established intervention for those with cardiovascular disease, its effect on patients who also suffer from depression are under studied. Aim: To quantify Pre- and Post-cardiac rehabilitation questionnaire scores collected from a large patient data registry.

Effects of Acute Sleep Deprivation on the Physiological Response to Woodsmoke and Exercise.

Objective: To evaluate sleep deprivation effects on the acute physiological response to a combined stressor of woodsmoke and exercise.

Methods: Ten participants completed two exercise trials (8 hours of sleep vs 4 hours) with woodsmoke. Trials were conducted in a crossover design.

The Interaction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Insulin Resistance.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by deficiency of functional dystrophin protein, is a fatal, progressive muscle disease that frequently includes metabolic dysregulation. Herein, we explore the physiologic consequences of dystrophin deficiency within the context of obesity and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that dystrophin deficiency increases the frequency of insulin resistance, and insulin resistance potentiates muscle pathology caused by dystrophin deficiency.

Training in a Hot Environment Fails to Elicit Changes in the Blood Oxidative Stress Response.

Environmental temperature can impact exercise-induced blood oxidative stress; however, the effects of heat acclimation on this response have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of hot (33°C) and room temperature (20°C) environments on post-exercise blood oxidative stress responses following 15 temperature acclimation sessions. Untrained participants (n = 38, 26 ± 7 years, VO = 38.

Ventilatory Threshold Related to V̇O 2 reserve, Heart Rate Reserve, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in a Large Varied Sample.

Purpose: ACSM guidelines state that aerobic exercise intensity should be 30%/40% to 89% V̇O 2 reserve (V̇O 2 R) or heart rate reserve (HRR). Determining the proper intensity within this range is the "art" of exercise prescription, often relying on rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as the adjunctive intensity modulator. Current guidelines do not consider the use of ventilatory threshold (VT) due to the need for specialized equipment and methodological issues.

Indicators of increased ER stress and UPR in aged D2-mdx and human dystrophic skeletal muscles.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease that results in muscle wasting, wheelchair dependence, and eventual death due to cardiac and respiratory complications. In addition to muscle fragility, dystrophin deficiency also results in multiple secondary dysfunctions, which may lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). The purpose of this investigation was to understand how ER stress and the UPR are modified in muscle from D2-mdx mice, an emerging DMD model, and from humans with DMD.

Physiology of the Wildland Firefighter: Managing Extreme Energy Demands in Hostile, Smoky, Mountainous Environments.

Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are inserted as the front-line defense to minimize loss of natural resources, property, and human life when fires erupt in forested regions of the world. The WLFF occupation is physically demanding as exemplified by total daily energy expenditures that can exceed 25 MJ/day (6000 calories). WLFFs must also cope with complex physical and environmental situations (i.

Hybrid and Traditional Cardiac Rehabilitation in a Rural Area: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Purpose: Cardiac rehabilitation is a prescribed exercise intervention that reduces cardiovascular mortality, secondary events, and hospitalizations. Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) is an alternative method that overcomes barriers to participation, such as travel distance and transportation issues. To date, comparisons of HBCR and traditional cardiac rehabilitation (TCR) are limited to randomized controlled trials, which may influence outcomes due to supervision associated with clinical research.

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations.

The prescription of exercise for individuals with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be scientifically-based yet adapted to the patient. This scientific statement reviews the clinical and physiologic basis for the prescription of exercise, with specific reference to the volume of physical activity (PA) and level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) that confer significant and optimal cardioprotective benefits. Recommendations are provided regarding the appropriate intensity, frequency, and duration of training; the concept of MET-minutes per week; critical components of the exercise session (warm-up, conditioning phase, cool-down); methodologies for establishing the training intensity, including oxygen uptake reserve (V̇OR), target heart rate derivation and rating perceived exertion; minimum and goal intensities for exercise training; and, types of training activities, including resistance training, adjunctive lifestyle PA, marathon/triathlon training, and high-intensity interval training.

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the ASPC Part I: Bioenergetics, contemporary physical activity recommendations, benefits, risks, extreme exercise regimens, potential maladaptations.

Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and increased levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or aerobic capacity are widely promoted as cardioprotective measures in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Nevertheless, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors remain a worldwide concern. The continuing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially devastating to patients with known or occult CVD since sitting time and recreational PA have been reported to increase and decrease by 28% and 33%, respectively.

Exercise-Induced Antisenescence and Autophagy Restoration Mitigate Metabolic Disorder-Induced Cardiac Disruption in Mice.

Introduction: Metabolic disorder promotes premature senescence and poses more severe cardiac dysfunction in females than males. Although endurance exercise (EXE) has been known to confer cardioprotection against metabolic diseases, whether EXE-induced cardioprotection is associated with mitigating senescence in females remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine metabolic disorder-induced cardiac anomalies (cellular senescence, metabolic signaling, and autophagy) using a mouse model of obese/type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat/high-fructose (HFD/HF) diet.

Application of a Novel Collection of Exhaled Breath Condensate to Exercise Settings.

The collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive method for obtaining biosamples from the lower respiratory tract, an approach amenable to exercise, environmental, and work physiology applications. The purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effective, reproducible methodology for obtaining larger volume EBC samples. Participants (male: = 10; female: = 6; 26 ± 8 yrs.

High level physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation: Implications for exercise training and leisure-time pursuits.

Importance: Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and increased levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are widely promoted as cardioprotective measures in secondary prevention interventions.

Observations: A low level of CRF increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) to a greater extent than merely being physically inactive. An exercise capacity <5 metabolic equivalents (METs), generally corresponding to the bottom 20% of the fitness continuum, indicates a higher mortality group.

Cardiovascular and Blood Oxidative Stress Responses to Exercise and Acute Woodsmoke Exposure in Recreationally Active Individuals.

Introduction: Those who work and recreate outdoors experience woodsmoke exposure during fire season. Exercise during woodsmoke exposure harms the cardiovascular system, but the acute physiologic and biochemical responses are understudied. The purpose of this pilot laboratory-based study was to examine the effect of exercise during woodsmoke exposure on acute indicators of cardiovascular function, including heart rate variability (HRV), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP), augmentation index (AIx), and blood oxidative stress.

Cardiac Rehabilitation and Resting Blood Pressure: MONTANA OUTCOMES PROJECT CARDIAC REHABILITATION REGISTRY FINDINGS.

Purpose: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is essential for treating cardiovascular disease, and modifying risk factor modification, including hypertension. Because the causes of hypertension and benefits of CR are faceted, we examined the influence of phase II CR on resting blood pressure (BP).

Methods: Outcomes straddle the release of the updated BP guidelines, and study emphases included CR session number, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance provider, and referring diagnosis.

Indices of Defective Autophagy in Whole Muscle and Lysosome Enriched Fractions From Aged D2-mdx Mice.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal, progressive muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Previous studies in mdx mice, a common DMD model, identified impaired autophagy with lysosomal insufficiency and impaired autophagosomal degradation as consequences of dystrophin deficiency. Thus, we hypothesized that lysosomal abundance would be decreased and degradation of autophagosomes would be impaired in muscles of D2-mdx mice.

Muscle Damage and Overreaching During Wildland Firefighter Critical Training.

Objective: To document the effects of wildland firefighter (WLFF) critical training (CT) on physiologic markers of muscle damage and acute overreaching.

Methods: Eighteen male and three female WLFFs were studied during an 11-day CT. Upper-body (US), lower-body (LS) muscle soreness and body weight (BW) were collected daily.

Exercise Preconditioning as a Cardioprotective Phenotype.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is potentiated by risk factors including physical inactivity and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although regular physical activity does not reverse atherosclerotic coronary disease, precursory exercise improves clinical outcomes in those experiencing life-threatening CVD events. Exercise preconditioning describes the cardioprotective phenotype whereby even a few exercise bouts confer short-term multifaceted protection against acute myocardial infarction.

Blood oxidative stress and post-exercise recovery are unaffected byhypobaric and hypoxic environments.

Hypobaria and hypoxia exert independent effects on oxidative stress during exercise, while combined effectson the post-exercise recovery period remain unclear.Accordingly, this study examined the recovery period during lab-simulated hypoxic and hypobaric conditions following exercise-induced oxidative stress. Participants (n=13) performed 60-minutes of cycling (70% watts max) in a normobaric normoxic environment followed by a four-hour recovery under three conditions; 1000m normobaric normoxia (NN, 675mmHg), 4400m normobaric hypoxia (NH, 675mmHg), or 4400m hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 440mmHg).

Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical cocktails did not improve muscle function or reduce histological damage in D2-mdx mice.

Progressive muscle injury and weakness are hallmarks of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We showed previously that quercetin (Q) partially protected dystrophic limb muscles from disease-related injury. As quercetin activates PGC-1α through Sirtuin-1, an NAD-dependent deacetylase, the depleted NAD in dystrophic skeletal muscle may limit quercetin efficacy; hence, supplementation with the NAD donor, nicotinamide riboside (NR), may facilitate quercetin efficacy.

Benefits and Risks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is integral to secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease. Recently, the effectiveness and "superiority" of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a purported time-saving alternative to "traditional" moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in cardiac rehabilitation. The rationale for HIIT adoption is, however, not fully substantiated in the scientific literature.