Modulation of endogenous antioxidant defense and the progression of kidney disease in multi-heritage groups of patients with type 2 diabetes: PRospective EValuation of Early Nephropathy and its Treatment (PREVENT).

Background: Diabetes is the western world's leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Glucose-dependent, oxidative stress is linked to the development of renal inflammation and sclerosis, which, in animal models of diabetes, can be prevented by anti-oxidative treatment. Patients of non-Caucasian heritage have low activity of the selenoprotein, antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and its co-factor vitamin E, which may be linked to their increased propensity to developing end-stage renal disease.

Use of continuous venovenous hemofiltration for acute renal failure due to multiple myeloma cast nephropathy.

Renal insufficiency is associated with high morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma. One of the common causes for acute renal failure in multiple myeloma is cast nephropathy. It is important to reduce the levels of light chains to improve renal failure and also the overall outcome.

Adherence to K/DOQI guidelines for calcium-based phosphate binders in clinical practice.

Objective: The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism in chronic kidney disease recommend that calcium-based phosphate binders (CBPBs) be used in limited doses and be reduced or withheld when albumin-adjusted serum calcium exceeds target values, or when parathyroid hormone is below the target range. We sought to assess the pattern of CBPB use in a clinical practice setting.

Design: This was a retrospective review.