Occupational hand dermatitis secondary to methacrylates-The 'manual tray' sign.

A case report of a dentist presenting with allergic contact dermatitis to methacrylates present in dental bonding agent applied on the dorsum of a gloved hand. The patient presented with a localized dermatitis to the dorsum of the non-dominant hand which can be described as a 'manual tray sign'.

Perforin, COVID-19 and a possible pathogenic auto-inflammatory feedback loop.

During COVID-19 infection, reduced function of natural killer (NK) cells can lead to both compromised viral clearance and dysregulation of the immune response. Such dysregulation leads to overproduction of cytokines, a raised neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and monocytosis. This in turn increases IL-6 expression, which promotes scar and thrombus formation.

Tricyclic antidepressant-induced photosensitivity; A case report and systematic review.

Background/purpose: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are still widely used and are available to purchase without prescription in some countries. Awareness of adverse cutaneous drug reactions is essential.

Method: We reported a case of photo-distributed hyperpigmentation due to imipramine and carried out a systematic search of the related articles using the search terms "tricyclic antidepressants" or "tricyclic antidepressive agents", and "hyperpigmentation" or "photosensitivity disorder".

Harnessing co-operative immune augmentation by contact allergens to enhance the efficacy of viral vaccines.

Although the development of successful vaccines against coronaviruses may be achieved, for some individuals the immune response that they stimulate may prove to be insufficient for effective host defence. The principle that a relatively strong contact allergen will have an enhancing effect on sensitization compared with a less potent contact allergen if they are co-administered, may not, at first, appear relevant to this issue. However, this augmentation effect is thought to be due to the sharing of common or complementary pathways.

Allergic contact dermatitis in atopic individuals: Results of a 30-year retrospective study.

Background: The association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact allergy, remains unclear, with studies to date showing conflicting results.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy in AD individuals compared to those without AD.

Methods: Results of 46 250 patients patch tested in a single centre over a span of 30 years were reviewed, comparing those with AD with those without AD.

Addressing the conundrums of p-phenylenediamine hair dye allergy by applying Friedmann's principles of contact sensitization.

In the first conundrum, permanent hair dyeing involves the use of aromatic amines such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD), whose oxidation is pivotal to the dyeing process, but also generates potent allergens. Despite prolonged efforts by industry to search for safer alternatives, hair dyeing is still reliant on this type of aromatic amine. In the second conundrum, patch testing with 1% PPD remains the most useful screen for hair dye contact allergy.