Identification of a five gene signature to predict time to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Background: Identification of novel biomarkers associated with high-risk prostate cancer or biochemical recurrence can drive improvement in detection, prognosis, and treatment. However, studies can be limited by small sample sizes and sparse clinical follow-up data. We utilized a large sample of prostate specimens to identify a predictive model of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy and we validated this model in two external data sets.

Delirium is an important predictor of mortality in elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: insight from National Inpatient Sample database.

Objective: Delirium is a frequently encountered clinical condition in hospitalized patients and is known to be associated with poor outcomes. This study aims to assess the impacts of delirium in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods: We queried the National Inpatient Samples from 2010 to 2014 to identify all patients aged 65 and older, and admitted with a primary diagnosis of STEMI undergoing PCI by using the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition-Clinical Modification diagnosis codes.

Prediction of Incident Delirium Using a Random Forest classifier.

Delirium is a serious medical complication associated with poor outcomes. Given the complexity of the syndrome, prevention and early detection are critical in mitigating its effects. We used Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) screening and Electronic Health Record (EHR) data for 64,038 inpatient visits to train and test a model predicting delirium arising in hospital.

Neuronal calcineurin transcriptional targets parallel changes observed in Alzheimer disease brain.

Unlabelled: Synaptic dysfunction and loss are core pathological features in Alzheimer disease (AD). In the vicinity of amyloid-β plaques in animal models, synaptic toxicity occurs and is associated with chronic activation of the phosphatase calcineurin (CN). Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of CN blocks amyloid-β synaptotoxicity.

Statin and Its Association With Delirium in the Medical ICU.

Objectives: To examine the association between statin use and the risk of delirium in hospitalized patients with an admission to the medical ICU.

Design: Retrospective propensity-matched cohort analysis with accrual from September 1, 2012, to September 30, 2015.

Setting: Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT.

Transcriptome Alterations in Prefrontal Pyramidal Cells Distinguish Schizophrenia From Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders.

Background: Impairments in certain cognitive processes (e.g., working memory) are typically most pronounced in schizophrenia (SZ), intermediate in bipolar disorder, and least in major depressive disorder.

Analysis of multi-dimensional contemporaneous EHR data to refine delirium assessments.

Delirium is a potentially lethal condition of altered mental status, attention, and level of consciousness with an acute onset and fluctuating course. Its causes are multi-factorial, and its pathophysiology is not well understood; therefore clinical focus has been on prevention strategies and early detection. One patient evaluation technique in routine use is the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM): a relatively simple test resulting in 'positive', 'negative' or 'unable-to-assess' (UTA) ratings.

Altered expression of CDC42 signaling pathway components in cortical layer 3 pyramidal cells in schizophrenia.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is associated with a lower density of dendritic spines on deep layer 3 pyramidal cells in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These alterations appear to reflect dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton required for spine formation and maintenance. Consistent with this idea, altered expression of genes in the cell division cycle 42 (CDC42)-CDC42 effector protein (CDC42EP) signaling pathway, a key organizer of the actin cytoskeleton, was previously reported in DLPFC gray matter from subjects with schizophrenia.

Lower gene expression for KCNS3 potassium channel subunit in parvalbumin-containing neurons in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.

Objective: In schizophrenia, alterations in markers of cortical GABA neurotransmission are prominent in parvalbumin-containing neurons. Parvalbumin neurons selectively express KCNS3, the gene encoding the Kv9.3 potassium channel α-subunit.

The NMDA receptor co-agonists, D-serine and glycine, regulate neuronal dendritic architecture in the somatosensory cortex.

There is substantial evidence, both pharmacological and genetic, that hypofunction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a core pathophysiological feature of schizophrenia. There are morphological brain changes associated with schizophrenia, including perturbations in the dendritic morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons and reduction in cortical volume. Our experiments investigated whether these changes in dendritic morphology could be recapitulated in a genetic model of NMDAR hypofunction, the serine racemase knockout (SR-/-) mouse.

Isolation of a novel rat neural progenitor clone that expresses Dlx family transcription factors and gives rise to functional GABAergic neurons in culture.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic interneurons are lost in conditions including epilepsy and central nervous system injury, but there are few culture models available to study their function. Toward the goal of obtaining renewable sources of GABAergic neurons, we used the molecular profile of a functionally incomplete GABAergic precursor clone to screen 17 new clones isolated from GFP(+) rat E14.5 cortex and ganglionic eminence (GE) that were generated by viral introduction of v-myc.

Phospholipidosis as a function of basicity, lipophilicity, and volume of distribution of compounds.

Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) is an adaptive histologic alteration that is seen with various marketed drugs and often encountered during drug development. Various in silico and in vitro cell-based methods have been developed to predict the PLD-inducing potential of compounds. These methods rely on the inherent physicochemical properties of the molecule and, as such, tend to overpredict compounds as PLD inducers.

The Adult Mouse Anatomical Dictionary: a tool for annotating and integrating data.

We have developed an ontology to provide standardized nomenclature for anatomical terms in the postnatal mouse. The Adult Mouse Anatomical Dictionary is structured as a directed acyclic graph, and is organized hierarchically both spatially and functionally. The ontology will be used to annotate and integrate different types of data pertinent to anatomy, such as gene expression patterns and phenotype information, which will contribute to an integrated description of biological phenomena in the mouse.