Background: Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with increased risk of newborn small- and large-for-gestational-age, respectively, and future offspring adiposity. However, the relationship between GWG and three-dimensional (3D) measures of fetal body composition and organ volumes, which may provide greater insight into fetal growth via measurement of soft tissue, remains unknown.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between trimester-specific GWG and 3D fetal body composition and organ volume measurements.
Although vaccines have been hailed as one of the greatest advances in medicine based on their unparalleled cost-effectiveness in eradicating life-threatening infectious diseases, their role in orthopedic trauma-related infections is unclear. This is largely because vaccines are primarily made against pathogens that cause communicable diseases rather than opportunistic infections secondary to trauma, and most successful vaccines are against viruses rather than biofilm forming bacteria. Nonetheless, the tremendous costs to patients and healthcare systems warrant orthopedic trauma vaccine research, which has been a focal topic in recent international consensus meetings on musculoskeletal infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of fetal overgrowth as measured by two-dimensional ultrasonography. Whether fetal three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue and organ volumes provide additional insight into fetal overgrowth is unknown.
Research Design And Methods: We prospectively evaluated longitudinal 3D fetal body composition and organ volumes in a diverse U.
Objective: This study aimed to examine associations of fetal biometric and amniotic fluid measures with intrapartum primary cesarean delivery (PCD) and develop prediction models for PCD based on ultrasound parameters and maternal factors.
Study Design: Secondary analysis of the National Institute of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-singleton cohort (2009-2013) including patients with uncomplicated pregnancies and intent to deliver vaginally at ≥37 weeks. The estimated fetal weight, individual biometric parameters, fetal asymmetry measurements, and amniotic fluid single deepest vertical pocket assessed at the final scan (mean 37.
The incidence of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following elective primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is very low but serious risk remains. To identify unknown risk factors, we completed a natural history study of IgG specific for Staphylococcus aureus antigens previously phenotyped as protective (anti-Atl) and pathogenic (anti-Isd). Twenty-five male and 25 female optimized patients 50-85 years of age and BMI 24-39 undergoing primary TKA were prospectively enrolled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The conect4children (c4c) project aims to facilitate efficient planning and delivery of paediatric clinical trials. One objective of c4c is data standardization and reuse. Interoperability and reusability of paediatric clinical trial data is challenging due to a lack of standardization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Error in birthweight prediction by sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) has clinical implications, such as avoidable cesarean or misclassification of fetal risk in labor. We aimed to evaluate optimal timing of ultrasound and which fetal measurements contribute to error in fetal ultrasound estimations of birth size at the extremes of birthweight.
Study Design: We compared differences in head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length, and EFW between ultrasound and corresponding birth measurements within 14 ( = 1,290) and 7 ( = 617) days of birth for small- (SGA, <10th percentile), appropriate- (AGA, 10th-90th), and large-for-gestational age (LGA, >90th) newborns.
Musculoskeletal infections (MSKI), which are a major problem in orthopedics, occur when the pathogen eludes or overwhelms the host immune system. While effective vaccines and immunotherapies to prevent and treat MSKI should be possible, fundamental knowledge gaps in our understanding of protective, nonprotective, and pathogenic host immunity are prohibitive. We also lack critical knowledge of how host immunity is affected by the microbiome, implants, prior infection, nutrition, antibiotics, and concomitant therapies, autoimmunity, and other comorbidities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Twin gestations have greater nutritional demands than singleton gestations, yet dietary intakes of women with twin gestations have not been well described.
Methods: In a prospective, multi-site US study of 148 women with dichorionic twin gestations (2012-2013), we examined longitudinal changes in diet across pregnancy. Women completed a food frequency questionnaire during each trimester of pregnancy.
Purpose: Adolescent and young adult female patients receiving myelosuppressive cancer treatments are at risk of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The frequency with which patients with cancer receive menstrual suppression and the agents used have not previously been well-characterized. We studied the rate of menstrual suppression, the effect of suppression on bleeding and blood product utilization, and if there were practice pattern differences between adult and pediatric oncologists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
September 2023
Any functional utility gained through corporate social responsibility (CSR) depends on "responsibility" as the governing principle between "corporate" and "social" interests. We argue that Porter and Kramer's highly popularised notion of "shared value" has been pivotal to the erosion of responsibility as a moderating concept in CSR. Under this approach, "strategic" CSR becomes an instrument to leverage corporate advantage, rather than fulfil social responsibilities and address business-related harms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Gestational weight gain (GWG) and anthropometric trajectories may affect foetal programming and are potentially modifiable.
Objectives: To assess concomitant patterns of change in weight, circumferences and adiposity across gestation as an integrated prenatal exposure, and determine how they relate to neonatal body composition.
Methods: Data are from a prospective cohort of singleton pregnancies (n = 2182) enrolled in United States perinatal centres, 2009-2013.
Introduction: Hemophilia A (HA) is the most common X-linked bleeding disorder, occurring in 1 in 5,000 live male births and affecting >1 million individuals worldwide. Although advances in protein-based HA therapeutics have improved health outcomes, current standard-of-care requires infusion 2-3 times per week for life, and 30% of patients develop inhibitors, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality. There are thus unmet medical needs requiring novel approaches to treat HA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe develop a novel approach to analysing decarbonisation strategies by linking global resource inventories with demographic systems. Our 'mine-town systems' approach establishes an empirical basis for examining the spatial extent of the transition and demographic effects of changing energy systems. The research highlights an urgent need for targeted macro-level planning as global markets see a decline in thermal coal and a ramp up of other mining commodities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: A guiding principle behind the development and deployment of the REDCap data management platform has always included attention to workflow design that allows easy implementation of best practices for clinical and translational researchers. CDISC standards such as CDASH have helped the clinical research community improve the efficiency, actionability, and quality of their clinical trials data, but have had limited uptake among the academic institutions.
Objective: To create a scalable methodology to convert CDISC CDASH eCRF instrument metadata into REDCap data dictionaries for the purpose of simplifying adoption and use of CDASH instruments by research teams across the REDCap Consortium.
Interleukin-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions during bacterial infections remain controversial, and its role in patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we completed a clinical study and observed elevated serum IL-27 levels (20-fold higher, P < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Obstet Gynecol MFM
November 2022
Background: A recent study from the United Kingdom suggested that a single dosage of adjunctive amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with operative vaginal delivery reduces maternal infectious morbidity by 40% (from 19% to 11%). However, 89% of their study population received an episiotomy.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether operative vaginal delivery is an independent risk factor for composite maternal postpartum infectious morbidity in a population with a low episiotomy rate.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
August 2022
osteomyelitis remains a very challenging condition; recent clinical studies have shown infection control rates following surgery/antibiotics to be ~60%. Additionally, prior efforts to produce an effective vaccine have failed, in part due to lack of knowledge of protective immunity. Previously, we demonstrated that anti-glucosaminidase (Gmd) antibodies are protective in animal models but found that only 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes among individuals who were eligible and approached for participation in a randomized controlled trial during pregnancy, comparing those who enrolled with those who declined participation.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Ovid were searched from study inception to May 2022.
Study Eligibility Criteria: This study included all obstetrical randomized controlled trials that reported clinical outcomes for both participants and nonparticipants.