Chitinases: expanding the boundaries of knowledge beyond routinized chitin degradation.

Chitinases, enzymes that degrade chitin, have long been studied for their role in various biological processes. They play crucial roles in the moulting process of invertebrates, the digestion of chitinous food, and defense against chitin-bearing pathogens. Additionally, chitinases are involved in physiological functions in crustaceans, such as chitinous food digestion, moulting, and stress response.

Embracing the future of circular bio-enabled economy: unveiling the prospects of microbial fuel cells in achieving true sustainable energy.

Sustainable development and energy security, highlighted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), necessitate the use of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, upon careful evaluation of literature, we have discovered that many existing and emerging renewable energy systems (RESs) prioritize renewability over true sustainability. These systems not only suffer from performance inconsistencies and lack of scalability but also fall short in fully embodying the principles of sustainability and circular economy.

The potentials of biofilm reactor as recourse for the recuperation of rare earth metals/elements from wastewater: a review.

Wastewater is nowadays increasingly receiving global attention as a resource much more than a problem due to its potential so serve as a resource recovery channel. In this regard, wastewater is gradually been transformed from being a cesspool to a "treasure pool." Among notable resources in the treasure pool, rare earth metals/elements (REEs) warrant focal investigation, both in terms of environmental abundance and biorecovery, due to their environmental impacts.