Antiplasmodial evidence, host mitochondrial biology and possible mechanisms of action of a composite extract of and in -infected mice.

A. Juss (Meliaceae) (AI) and L. (Zingiberaceae) (CL) are used for malaria treatment but their anti-glycolytic and host mitochondrial effects have not been studied.

Chemical analysis of Alliin-Rich (Garlic) extract and its safety evaluation in .

Garlic () has been traditionally valued for its medicinal properties attributed to the presence of organosulfur compounds. Despite its benefits, concerns about herbal extract toxicity have arisen, necessitating safety assessment This study was designed to evaluate the chemical analysis and safety profile of Alliin-Rich Garlic Extract (ARGE) using as a model organism. The ARGE was extracted from garlic cloves ( Linn: UIH-23262) using a microwave-assisted method and characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS, H NMR, HPLC and IR.

Protective Potential of Methanol Extract of Drymaria cordata Willd. ex Schult (MEDC) on Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Via Modulation of Apoptotic Markers, Sex Hormones and Antioxidant Status in Rat Model.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological disorder among reproductive-aged women and a major cause of infertility. Different treatment options are being employed but with side effects. This has mandated alternative treatment options, especially complementary therapy.

Mefloquine-curcumin combinations improve host mitochondrial respiration and decrease mitotoxic effects of mefloquine in -infected mice.

infection is a health challenge. Although, antiplasmodial drugs kill the parasites, information on the effects of infection and drugs on the expression of some genes is limited. Malaria was induced in two different studies using NK65 (chloroquine-susceptible, study 1), and ANKA (chloroquine-resistant, study 2) strains of in 30 male Swiss mice (n = 5) in each study.

Mechanism of antimalarial action and mitigation of infection-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by phyto-constituents of Andrographis paniculata ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Andrographis paniculata (AP) ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) is a medicinal plant, documented for its folkloric use in the treatment of malaria.

Reversal of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and pancreas degeneration by chloroform fraction of (L.) leaf extract in type 2 diabetic rat model.

Unmanaged Diabetes Mellitus (DM) usually results to tissue wastage because of mitochondrial dysfunction. Adverse effects of some drugs used in the management of DM necessitates the search for alternative therapy from plant origin with less or no side effects. (L.

Chloroform Fraction of Linn (CFDC) Suppresses Estradiol Benzoate- Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia.

Background: The diagnosis of uterine dysfunction (endometrial hyperplasia) is on the rise. The available treatment is quite expensive and associated with some side effects. The therapeutic potential of natural products is now being explored, as they are easily available with little or no side effects.

Hexane fraction of induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in -infected mice.

Background: Apoptosis is a common pathology in malaria and most antimalarial drugs induce apoptosis during chemotherapy. is an African mistletoe used for the treatment of malaria but its effect on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis is not known.

Methods: Malarial infection was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of NK 65 strain -infected erythrocytes into mice which were treated with graded doses (100-400 mg/kg) of methanol extract (ME), and fractions of -hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol (HF, DF, EF and MF) for 9 days after the confirmation of parasitemia.

In vitro effects of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol purified from Alstonia boonei on erythrocyte membrane stabilization and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.

A recent review on the ethnomedicinal, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of Alstonia boonei revealed the plant's potential in the treatment and management of a range of diseases. However, most of these pharmacological effects are only traceable to the crude form of the plant extract and not specific natural products. Phytochemical investigation of the methanol fraction of the methanol extract of the stem-bark of Alstonia boonei led to the isolation and identification of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol.

The roles of betulinic acid on circulating concentrations of creatine kinase and immunomodulation in mice infected with chloroquine-susceptible and resistant strains of .

Complete malarial therapy depends largely on the immunological and inflammatory response of the host to the invading potentials of malarial parasite. In this study, we evaluated the roles of betulinic acid on immunological response, anti-inflammatory potentials, cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue damage in mice infected with chloroquine susceptible (NK 65) and resistant (ANKA) strains of . Serum Interleukins 1β and 6 (IL-1β, IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), immunoglobulins G and M (IgG and IgM), C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined using ELISA technique.

Terpene-rich fractions of Ficus mucoso (Welw) modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators and aberrant permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in murine animal model.

Ficus mucoso is traditionally used to treat bronchial infections. This study compared the efficacy of terpene-rich fractions of F. mucoso root bark on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation, liver mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), an index of mitochondrial health, and associated pathological alterations.

Antimalarial and Erythrocyte Membrane Stability Properties of (Engle Van Tiegh) Growing on Cocoa in -Infected Mice.

Introduction: Resistant malaria is a fatal disease. (African Mistletoe) is traditionally used for malarial treatment but this fact has not been scientifically reported.

Methods: (NK65)-infected male Swiss mice (20±2 g) were treated orally and once daily with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW of methanol extract and its respective hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions for 9 days.

Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of the n-Hexane Fraction of Stem Bark in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rats.

Background: Inflammation is a protective response of the host to infections and tissue damage and medicinal plants have been used to regulate inflammatory response. The phytochemical contents of the -hexane fraction of and their anti-inflammatory potentials in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were investigated in rat liver.

Materials And Methods: A quantity of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in twenty-five male Wistar rats, grouped (n = 5) and treated as follows: negative control (10 mL/kg saline), positive control (1 mg/kg ibuprofen); 50, 100 and 20 mg/kg of the -hexane fraction of were administered to test groups.

INFLUENCE OF ARTESUNATE COMBINATIVE THERAPY CO-ADMINISTRATION WITH RUTIN ON INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI-INFECTED MICE.

Some antimalarial drugs are immune-modulators that impact multiple pathways of innate immunity in malarial treatment. However, information on the immunomodulatory effects of artequine and rutin in the treatment of malaria remains elusive. Twenty-five Swiss mice (18 ± 2 g) were used for this study.

inhibition of beta-hematin formation and effects of and methanol extracts on chloroquine-susceptible -induced malaria in mice.

Background And Aim: This study was carried out to investigate antiplasmodial activities of () and () in -infected mice.

Materials And Methods: Air-dried stem of and root of were soaked in methanol, decanted and concentrated to give extracts. Parts of these extracts were partitioned successively to give dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions.

Studies on the mitochondrial, immunological and inflammatory effects of solvent fractions of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of malaria is gaining global attention due to their efficacy and cost effectiveness. This study evaluated the bioactivity-guided antiplasmodial efficacy and immunomodulatory effects of solvent fractions of Diospyros mespiliformis in mice infected with a susceptible strain of Plasmodium berghei (NK 65). The crude methanol extract of the stem of D.

Comparative antimalarial, toxicity and mito-protective effects of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. and Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC.

Antimalarial properties and preventive effects on mitochondrial dysfunction by extract and fractions of (Schum. and Thonn) in -infected mice.

Objectives: Broad spectrum antimalarial drugs without deleterious effects on mitochondria are scarce. It is in this regard that we investigated the potency of methanol extract and solvent fractions of on chloroquine-susceptible and resistant strains of , toxicity and its consequential effects on mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening.

Methods: Malaria was induced in male Swiss mice with susceptible (NK 65) strain, divided into groups (n=5) and treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of methanol extract, -hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions daily for seven days.

Chemotherapeutic and prophylactic antimalarial drugs induce cell death through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in murine models.

Malaria is a parasitic disease that has defied many treatment plans. This study was carried out to investigate the host mitochondrial response to malarial infection and selected antimalarial chemotherapy using murine models. The effects of artesunate (ART) and proguanil (PRG) on mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT), mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase), level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in -infected mice treated with ART and PRG.

In vitro antiplasmodial activity and prophylactic potentials of extract and fractions of Trema orientalis (Linn.) stem bark.

Background: Trema orientalis (T. orientalis Linn) has been used in the management of malaria in the western part of Nigeria and despite its application in ethnomedicine, there is dearth of scientific evidence to justify the acclaimed prophylactic antimalarial usage of the plant. The aim of this study is to assess the in vitro antiplasmodial cell-free assay and chemopreventive efficacy of the methanol extract of the stem bark of T.

Protective effect of Aloe vera gel on the permeability transition pore in the inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria in vitro.

Objective: Aloe vera is a perennial drought resisting, succulent plant belonging to the zanthorrhoeaceae family which historically has been used for a variety of medicinal purposes. This study seeks to determine the effect of varying concentrations of Aloe vera gel (50, 100, 150, 250, and 350 µg/ml) on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in rat liver mitochondria (RLM) (in vitro).

Methods: Fresh Aloe gel was prepared daily from the Aloe vera leaf and the effect of the gel on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening was estimated in vitro using the spectrophotometric method of Lapidus and Sokolove.