Alpha rhythm and Alzheimer's disease: Has Hans Berger's dream come true?

In this "centenary" paper, an expert panel revisited Hans Berger's groundbreaking discovery of human restingstate electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) in 1924, his foresight of substantial clinical applications in patients with "senile dementia," and new developments in the field, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia in pathological aging. Clinical guidelines issued in 2024 by the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and the European Neuroscience Societies did not endorse routine use of rsEEG biomarkers in the clinical workup of older adults with cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the expert panel highlighted decades of research from independent workgroups and different techniques showing consistent evidence that abnormalities in rsEEG delta, theta, and alpha rhythms (< 30 Hz) observed in AD patients correlate with wellestablished AD biomarkers of neuropathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline.

Unveiling Visual Physiology and Steady-State Evoked Potentials using Low-Cost and Transferable Electroencephalography for Evaluating Neuronal Activation.

Purpose: The ability to see and process images depends on the function of the eyes and the processing of visual information by neurons in the cerebral cortex, something that could be measured through electroencephalography (EEG). Although the EEG is used to evaluate visual pathways in children and demyelination diseases, the limited utilization of brain recording techniques in other applications like therapy is primarily due to budget constraints. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate results from studying brain aspects of vision, utilizing measurements based on oscillatory activity analysis, low-cost, portable equipment, and a processing pipeline relying on Python's open-source libraries.

Biomarkers for dementia in Latin American countries: Gaps and opportunities.

Limited knowledge on dementia biomarkers in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries remains a serious barrier. Here, we reported a survey to explore the ongoing work, needs, interests, potential barriers, and opportunities for future studies related to biomarkers. The results show that neuroimaging is the most used biomarker (73%), followed by genetic studies (40%), peripheral fluids biomarkers (31%), and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (29%).

Changes in brain activity of trainees during laparoscopic surgical virtual training assessed with electroencephalography.

Objective: Evaluate changes in brain activity of trainees during laparoscopic surgical training from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in an ecological scenario with few restrictions for the user.

Design: Longitudinal study with two follow-up measurements in the first and last session of a 4-week training with LapSim laparoscopic surgery simulator. Variables analyzed include EEG neuronal activations in theta and alpha bands, tasks performance measures, and subjective measures such as perception of mental workload.

Impact of Social Support on Colorectal Cancer Screening among Adult Hispanics/Latinos: A Randomized Community-based Study in Central Pennsylvania.

In the United States, the five-year survival rate of colorectal cancer for Latinos is lower than it is for White, non-Latinos. Differences in survival are due, in part, to Latinos being diagnosed at a later stage. An ethnic gap in the use of colorectal cancer screening contributes to the difference in survival.

Precuneus Failures in Subjects of the PSEN1 E280A Family at Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease Detected Using Quantitative Electroencephalography.

Background: Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) mutations are the most common cause of familial early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The PSEN1 E280A (E280A) mutation has an autosomal dominant inheritance and is involved in the production of amyloid-β. The largest family group of carriers with E280A mutation is found in Antioquia, Colombia.

Successful Object Encoding Induces Increased Directed Connectivity in Presymptomatic Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Recent studies report increases in neural activity in brain regions critical to episodic memory at preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in AD studies, given its non-invasiveness and low cost, there is a need to translate the findings in other neuroimaging methods to EEG.

Objective: To examine how the previous findings using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at preclinical stage in presenilin-1 E280A mutation carriers could be assessed and extended, using EEG and a connectivity approach.

Neurophysiological correlates in Mild Cognitive Impairment detected using group Independent Component Analysis.

Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is defined as a grey area between intact cognitive functioning and clinical dementia. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to identify biomarkers in dementia.

Algorithm for simulation of craniotomies assisted by peripheral for 3D virtual navigation.

Neurosurgical procedures require high precision and an accurate localization of the structures. For that reason and due to the advances in 3D visualization, the software for planning and training neurosurgeries has become an important tool for neurosurgeons and students, but the manipulation of the 3D structures is not always easy for the staff that usually works with 2D images. This paper describes a system developed in open source software that allows performing a virtual craniotomy (a common procedure in neurosurgery that enables the access to intracranial lesions) in 3D slicer; the system includes a peripheral input in order to permit the manipulation of the 3D structures according to camera movements and to guide the movement of the craniotomy tool.

[Application of advanced neuroimaging in motor rehabilitation].

Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive technique that allows mapping and visualizing of brain connectivity networks. The hemiparesis after a stroke is a good biological model to study changes in brain connectivity. This model can be expanded if information is obtained before and after neurorehabilitation therapy.

Emotional processing in Colombian ex-combatants and its relationship with empathy and executive functions.

In this work, the neural correlates of emotional processing in Colombian ex-combatants with different empathy profiles were compared to normal controls matched for age, gender and educational level. Forty ex-combatants and 20 non ex-combatants were recruited for this study. Empathy levels as well as executive functions were measured.