Integrating Patients Into Programmes to Address the Allergy Knowledge Practice Gap.

There is a wide gap between the first publication of new treatments with efficacy and their successful application in clinical practice. In many respects, the management of allergic diseases is a good exemplar of the knowledge/practice gap. It was assumed that systematic reviews and publication of guidelines would ensure timely delivery of effective care, but this has not proved to be the case.

Artificial food additives: hazardous to long-term health?

Many additives, some of which have no nutritional value, can be legally used in processed foods. They intensify colour, thicken, increase shelf life and enhance flavour. Regulatory authorities issue approvals as safe within acceptable quantitative limits.

Core outcome measurement set for research and clinical practice in post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) in children and young people: an international Delphi consensus study "PC-COS Children".

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic substantially impacted different age groups, with children and young people not exempted. Many have experienced enduring health consequences. Presently, there is no consensus on the health outcomes to assess in children and young people with post-COVID-19 condition.

Ockham's Razor: The Application of Parsimonious Medicine in Allergy/Immunology.

The spectacular advances of modern medicine have distracted clinicians from applying the age-old principles of thorough history and examination followed by only ordering tests relevant to the patient's presentation. The most obvious diagnosis is the most likely and should be addressed first. Ockham's razor, or parsimonious medicine, should be applied because plurality of diagnoses is less likely than a single explanation.

Differences between peptide profiles of extensive hydrolysates and their influence on functionality for the management of cow's milk allergy: A short review.

Extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHFs) are recommended for the dietary management of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in non-exclusively breastfed infants. Studies show that peptide profiles differ between eHFs. This short review aims to highlight the variability in peptides and their ability to influence allergenicity and possibly the induction of tolerance by different eHFs.

Allergic diseases and immunodeficiencies in children, lessons learnt from COVID-19 pandemic by 2022: A statement from the EAACI-section on pediatrics.

By the April 12, 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in over half a billion people being infected worldwide. There have been 6.1 million deaths directly due to the infection, but the pandemic has had many more short- and long-term pervasive effects on the physical and mental health of the population.

The Foetal Origins of Allergy and Potential Nutritional Interventions to Prevent Disease.

The first nine months from conception to birth involves greater changes than at any other time in life, affecting organogenesis, endocrine, metabolic and immune programming. It has led to the concept that the "first 1000 days" from conception to the second birthday are critical in establishing long term health or susceptibility to disease. Immune ontogeny is predominantly complete within that time and is influenced by the maternal genome, health, diet and environment pre-conception and during pregnancy and lactation.

Food Proteins in Human Breast Milk and Probability of IgE-Mediated Allergic Reaction in Children During Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review.

Background: Previous reports suggested that food proteins present in human milk (HM) may trigger symptoms in allergic children during breastfeeding, but existing evidence has never been reviewed systematically.

Objective: To assess the probability of food proteins in HM to trigger allergic reactions in infants with IgE-mediated food allergy.

Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) were systematically searched from inception to November 3, 2021.

Studying the post-COVID-19 condition: research challenges, strategies, and importance of Core Outcome Set development.

Background: A substantial portion of people with COVID-19 subsequently experience lasting symptoms including fatigue, shortness of breath, and neurological complaints such as cognitive dysfunction many months after acute infection. Emerging evidence suggests that this condition, commonly referred to as long COVID but also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or post-COVID-19 condition, could become a significant global health burden.

Main Text: While the number of studies investigating the post-COVID-19 condition is increasing, there is no agreement on how this new disease should be defined and diagnosed in clinical practice and what relevant outcomes to measure.

Allergy education and training for physicians.

The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases has placed a significant burden on global healthcare and society as whole. This has necessitated a rapid development of "allergy" as a specialist area. However, as allergy is so common and, for most, relatively easy to diagnose and control, all clinicians need to have basic knowledge and competence  to manage  mild disease and recognize when referral is required.

Harmonizing allergy care-integrated care pathways and multidisciplinary approaches.

There is a wide time gap between the publication of evidence and the application of new knowledge into routine clinical practice. The consequence is sub-optimal outcomes, particularly concerning for long-term relapsing/remitting conditions such as allergic diseases. In response, there has been a proliferation of published guidelines which systematically review evidence for the gold-standard management of most allergic disorders.

Incidence and risk factors for persistent symptoms in adults previously hospitalized for COVID-19.

Background: The long-term sequalae of COVID-19 remain poorly characterized. We assessed persistent symptoms in previously hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and assessed potential risk factors.

Methods: Data were collected from patients discharged from 4 hospitals in Moscow, Russia between 8 April and 10 July 2020.

Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalised children using the ISARIC Global follow-up protocol: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children remain poorly characterised. This study aimed to assess long-term outcomes in children previously hospitalised with COVID-19 and associated risk factors.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of children (≤18 years old) admitted to hospital with confirmed COVID-19.

Strategies and Future Opportunities for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cow Milk Allergy.

The prevalence of food allergy has increased over the last 20-30 years, including cow milk allergy (CMA) which is one of the most common causes of infant food allergy. International allergy experts met in 2019 to discuss broad topics in allergy prevention and management of CMA including current challenges and future opportunities. The highlights of the meeting combined with recently published developments are presented here.

Stop COVID Cohort: An Observational Study of 3480 Patients Admitted to the Sechenov University Hospital Network in Moscow City for Suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.

Background: The epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Russian population are unknown. Information on the differences between laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 in real-life settings is lacking.

Methods: We extracted data from the medical records of adult patients who were consecutively admitted for suspected COVID-19 infection in Moscow between 8 April and 28 May 2020.

Excessive Media Consumption About COVID-19 is Associated With Increased State Anxiety: Outcomes of a Large Online Survey in Russia.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has potentially had a negative impact on the mental health and well-being of individuals and families. Anxiety levels and risk factors within particular populations are poorly described.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate confidence, understanding, trust, concerns, and levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population and assess risk factors for increased anxiety.