Barriers to and enablers of modifying diet after metabolic bariatric surgery: A systematic review of published literature.

This is a qualitative systematic review in which we investigated barriers and enablers influencing dietary behavior change after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). Database searches retrieved publications reporting perceived factors influencing dietary behavior change post-MBS. Data (quotes, survey results, interpretative summaries) were extracted and analyzed using combined deductive and inductive thematic analyses.

Understanding the Components of Eating Behaviour-Focused Weight Management Interventions Adjunct to Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: Systematic Review of Published Literature.

Purpose Of Review: Eating behaviour-focused interventions are essential for improving health and weight-related outcomes in patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). This work aims to examine the content of eating behaviour-focused weight management interventions adjunct to MBS in terms of the type and quantity of behaviour change techniques (BCTs). A literature search retrieved randomised controlled and parallel group trials up to March 2024.

Circadian Control of Protein Synthesis.

Daily rhythms in the rate and specificity of protein synthesis occur in most mammalian cells through an interaction between cell-autonomous circadian regulation and daily cycles of systemic cues. However, the overall protein content of a typical cell changes little over 24 h. For most proteins, translation appears to be coordinated with protein degradation, producing phases of proteomic renewal that maximize energy efficiency while broadly maintaining proteostasis across the solar cycle.

Development of international consensus on a standardised image acquisition protocol for diagnostic evaluation of the sacroiliac joints by MRI: an ASAS-SPARTAN collaboration.

Background: A range of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) MRI protocols are used in clinical practice but not all were specifically designed for diagnostic ascertainment. This can be confusing and no standard diagnostic SIJ MRI protocol is currently accepted worldwide.

Objective: To develop a standardised MRI image acquisition protocol (IAP) for diagnostic ascertainment of sacroiliitis.

Experiences of patients, parents, and healthcare professionals in the process of transitioning from hospital to community after inpatient pediatric rehabilitation among children with special health care needs.

Purpose: Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) may experience disruptions in education due to extended hospitalizations. The purpose of this study was to describe how CSHCN experience educational supports during inpatient rehabilitation and identify the ongoing challenges when planning to return to school.

Materials And Methods: Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with parents ( = 12), former patients ( = 20), and rehabilitation professionals ( = 8).

Urine Biopsy as Dynamic Biomarker to Enhance Clinical Staging of Bladder Cancer in Radical Cystectomy Candidates.

Purpose: There is significant interest in identifying complete responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before radical cystectomy (RC) to potentially avoid removal of a pathologically benign bladder. However, clinical restaging after NAC is highly inaccurate. The objective of this study was to develop a next-generation sequencing-based molecular assay using urine to enhance clinical staging of patients with bladder cancer.

Machine Learning in Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review.

Despite years of research, we are still not able to reliably predict who might benefit from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment. As we exhaust what is possible using traditional statistical analysis, ECT remains a good candidate for machine learning approaches due to the large data sets with data captured through electroencephalography (EEG) and other objective measures. A systematic review of 6 databases led to the full-text examination of 26 articles using machine learning approaches in examining data predicting response to ECT treatment.

Author Correction: Propylene glycol inactivates respiratory viruses and prevents airborne transmission.

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Circadian regulation of macromolecular complex turnover and proteome renewal.

Although costly to maintain, protein homeostasis is indispensable for normal cellular function and long-term health. In mammalian cells and tissues, daily variation in global protein synthesis has been observed, but its utility and consequences for proteome integrity are not fully understood. Using several different pulse-labelling strategies, here we gain direct insight into the relationship between protein synthesis and abundance proteome-wide.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery and robotic-assisted first-rib excision and thoracic outlet syndrome decompression.

Multiple surgical approaches have been used in the management of thoracic outlet syndrome. These approaches have traditionally been "open" approaches and have been associated with the inherent morbidities of an open approach, including a risk of injury to the neurovascular structures due to traction and trauma while resecting the first rib. In addition, there has been concern that recurrence of symptoms may be related to incomplete resection of the rib with conventional open techniques.

Timely Questions Emerging in Chronobiology: The Circadian Clock Keeps on Ticking.

Chronobiology investigations have revealed much about cellular and physiological clockworks but we are far from having a complete mechanistic understanding of the physiological and ecological implications. Here we present some unresolved questions in circadian biology research as posed by the editorial staff and guest contributors to the Journal of Circadian Rhythms. This collection of ideas is not meant to be comprehensive but does reveal the breadth of our observations on emerging trends in chronobiology and circadian biology.

Potassium rhythms couple the circadian clock to the cell cycle.

Circadian (~24 h) rhythms are a fundamental feature of life, and their disruption increases the risk of infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Circadian rhythms couple to the cell cycle across eukaryotes but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We previously identified an evolutionarily conserved circadian oscillation in intracellular potassium concentration, [K].

Axial Spondyloarthritis: Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification Improve Report Interpretation.

Objective: The interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports is crucial for the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis, but the subjective nature of narrative reports can lead to varying interpretations. This study presents a validation of a novel MRI reporting system for the sacroiliac joint in clinical practice.

Methods: A historical review was conducted on 130 consecutive patients referred by 2 rheumatologists for initial MRI assessment of possible axial spondyloarthritis.

Lung-Mimetic Hydrofoam Sealant to Treat Pulmonary Air Leak.

Pulmonary air leak is the most common complication of lung surgery, contributing to post-operative morbidity in up to 60% of patients; yet, there is no reliable treatment. Available surgical sealants do not match the demanding deformation mechanics of lung tissue; and therefore, fail to seal air leak. To address this therapeutic gap, a sealant with structural and mechanical similarity to subpleural lung is designed, developed, and systematically evaluated.

Benefits and barriers to return to education and relationship to quality of life for people living with spinal cord injury: Results of a mixed methods study.

Context: There is limited research on return to education (RTE) after spinal cord injury (SCI). As a result, few programs exist to help people achieve this goal.

Objective: The primary objective was to investigate the barriers and facilitators to RTE, and the relationship between RTE and quality of life (QOL).

Propylene glycol inactivates respiratory viruses and prevents airborne transmission.

Viruses are vulnerable as they transmit between hosts, and we aimed to exploit this critical window. We found that the ubiquitous, safe, inexpensive and biodegradable small molecule propylene glycol (PG) has robust virucidal activity. Propylene glycol rapidly inactivates a broad range of viruses including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 and rotavirus and reduces disease burden in mice when administered intranasally at concentrations commonly found in nasal sprays.

Macromolecular condensation buffers intracellular water potential.

Optimum protein function and biochemical activity critically depends on water availability because solvent thermodynamics drive protein folding and macromolecular interactions. Reciprocally, macromolecules restrict the movement of 'structured' water molecules within their hydration layers, reducing the available 'free' bulk solvent and therefore the total thermodynamic potential energy of water, or water potential. Here, within concentrated macromolecular solutions such as the cytosol, we found that modest changes in temperature greatly affect the water potential, and are counteracted by opposing changes in osmotic strength.

Mechanisms and physiological function of daily haemoglobin oxidation rhythms in red blood cells.

Cellular circadian rhythms confer temporal organisation upon physiology that is fundamental to human health. Rhythms are present in red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant cell type in the body, but their physiological function is poorly understood. Here, we present a novel biochemical assay for haemoglobin (Hb) oxidation status which relies on a redox-sensitive covalent haem-Hb linkage that forms during SDS-mediated cell lysis.

Recognition of Children's Learning in Educational Research, Policy and Practice: Herbison Invited Lecture, NZARE Annual Conference 2022.

For Jean Herbison, learning in her early 20th century childhood world was relatively uncomplicated and predictable. Life was shaped by unambiguous family, faith and settler colonial prescriptions about how children behave and what they should become. Approaching the centenary of her birth, children today must navigate a very different society of 'unlimited ; an achievement society that generates a debilitating compulsion to self-improve (Byung Chul-Han).

A phase 1 study of nivolumab in combination with interferon-gamma for patients with advanced solid tumors.

This phase I, dose-escalation trial evaluates the safety of combining interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and nivolumab in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Twenty-six patients are treated in four cohorts assessing increasing doses of IFN-γ with nivolumab to evaluate the primary endpoint of safety and determine the recommended phase two dose (RP2D). Most common adverse events are low grade and associated with IFN-γ.