Multimodal interactions in Stomoxys navigation reveal synergy between olfaction and vision.

Stomoxys flies exhibit an attraction toward objects that offer no rewards, such as traps and targets devoid of blood or nectar incentives. This behavior provides an opportunity to develop effective tools for vector control and monitoring. However, for these systems to be sustainable and eco-friendly, the visual cues used must be specific to target vector(s).

Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis.

Trypanosomes are important global livestock and human pathogens of public health importance. Elucidating the chemical mechanisms of trypanosome-relevant host interactions can enhance the design and development of a novel, next-generation trypanosomosis diagnostics. However, it is unknown how trypanosome infection affects livestock volatile odors.

Shared volatile organic compounds between camel metabolic products elicits strong Stomoxys calcitrans attraction.

The sources of animal odours are highly diverse, yet their ecological importance, in host-vector communication, remains unexplored. Here, using the camel (host)-Stomoxys calcitrans (vector) interaction, we collected and analyzed the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of camels from four of its different odour sources: breath, body (skin), urine, and dung. On non-metric model multivariate analyses of VOCs we show that substantial chemo-diversity exists between metabolic products associated with an individual camel.