Lifetime incidence and healthcare disparities in alopecia areata: a UK population-based cohort study.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated form of hair loss that can occur at any age, often with a significant mental health burden.

Objectives: We aimed to provide estimates of the lifetime incidence of AA, and the impacts on mental health, healthcare utilization and work-related outcomes, assessing variation across major sociodemographic subgroups.

Methods: AA cases were identified in primary care from the UK population-based Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database (2009-2018).

The lifetime risk and impact of vitiligo across sociodemographic groups: a UK population-based cohort study.

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by depigmented patches of skin, which can have significant psychological impacts.

Objectives: To estimate the lifetime incidence of vitiligo, overall, by ethnicity and across other sociodemographic subgroups, and to investigate the impacts of vitiligo on mental health, work and healthcare utilization.

Methods: Incident cases of vitiligo were identified in the Optimum Patient Care Database of primary care records in the UK between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2020.

Risk of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in People with Vitiligo: United Kingdom Population-Based Cohort Study.

Although genetic studies have found an inverse relationship between vitiligo and skin cancer, epidemiological evidence is conflicting. We investigated the risk of skin cancer in adults with vitiligo using United Kingdom electronic primary care records from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database 2010-2020. Vitiligo cases were age, sex, and general practitioner practice matched to population controls without vitiligo.

Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib monotherapy in adolescents and adults: a post hoc analysis of the phase 3 JAK1 atopic dermatitis efficacy and safety (JADE) REGIMEN clinical trial.

Background: Differences in atopic dermatitis (AD) disease course and manifestation with age may extend to treatment response.

Objective: To evaluate response maintenance with continuous-/reduced-dose abrocitinib or withdrawal and response to treatment reintroduction after flare in adolescent and adult participants in JADE REGIMEN (NCT03627767).

Methods: Adolescents (12-17 years) and adults with moderate-to-severe AD responding to abrocitinib 200-mg induction were randomly assigned to 40-week maintenance with abrocitinib (200 mg/100 mg) or placebo.

Real-World Budget Impact of Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin or Metronidazole for In-Hospital Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Fidaxomicin, a macrocyclic antibiotic, selectively kills Clostridioides difficile and reduces C. difficile infection (CDI) recurrence compared with vancomycin, but some studies and guidelines report fidaxomicin as being less cost-effective. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin or metronidazole for treating CDI in a real-world UK setting.

The mental health associations of vitiligo: UK population-based cohort study.

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired, autoimmune depigmenting skin disorder that may affect psychological well-being.

Aims: To determine the risk and impact of psychological comorbidity in people with new-onset vitiligo.

Method: We conducted a retrospective observational study, using UK general practice data (2004-2020).

The formulation of polyhedral boranes for the boron neutron capture therapy of cancer.

The early promise of boron neutron capture therapy as a method for the treatment of cancer has been inhibited by the inherent toxicity associated with therapeutically useful doses of ¹⁰B-containing pharmacophores, the need for target-tissue specificity and the challenges imposed by biological barriers. Although developments in the synthetic chemistry of polyhedral boranes have addressed issues of toxicity to a considerable extent, the optimisation of the transport and the delivery of boronated agents to the site of action--the subject of this review--is a challenge that is addressed by the development of innovative formulation strategies.