Technical and financial evaluation of an emerging thermochemical technology for sustainable management of municipal wastewater sludge.

The management of municipal wastewater sludge is a significant challenge for wastewater management, particularly the need to manage and dispose of the sludge in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. The emergence of stricter regulations regarding landfill disposal of wastewater sludge necessitates the need for alternative options for municipal wastewater sludge management, with thermochemical technologies potentially contributing towards achieving carbon neutrality goals and fostering sustainable development. This study sought to address these challenges through a technical and financial evaluation of a pilot-scale emerging thermochemical technology, the enhanced hydrothermal polymerization to provide adequate understanding of the technology's feasibility regarding its application for municipal wastewater sludge volarization into a multi-use hydrochar.

Characterization and reusability suggestions of the sludge generated from a synthetic acid mine drainage treatment using sodium ferrate (VI).

Mining activities are the main cause of generation of the voluminous sludge waste, loaded with metals precipitated from the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) and this is always disposed to the landfill. This study aimed at characterizing and suggesting the reusability potential of AMD sludge to reduce the environmental problem caused by its accumulation so that it could become a valuable material. The sludge was obtained after treating a synthetic AMD with a green oxidant sodium ferrate (VI) (NaFeO) that was prepared by a wet oxidation method.

Modelling energy efficiency and generation potential in the South African wastewater services sector.

About 55% of energy used in the South African water cycle is for wastewater treatment, with the bulk of this energy associated with aeration in biological processes. However, up to 15% of wastewater energy demand can be offset by energy generation from sludge (power and/or combined heat and power), while best practices adoption can deliver energy efficiency gains of between 5% and 25% in the water cycle. Advanced process modelling and simulation has been applied in this study as a tool to evaluate optimal process and aeration control strategies.

Passive neutralization of acid mine drainage using basic oxygen furnace slag as neutralization material: experimental and modelling.

This study investigated passive neutralization of acid mine drainage using basic oxygen furnace slag as neutralization material over 90 days, with monitoring of the parameters' quality and assessment of their removal kinetics. The quality was observed to significantly improve over time with most parameters removed from the influent during the first 10 days. In this regard, removal of acidity, Fe(II), Mn, Co, Ni and Zn was characterized by fast kinetics while removal kinetics for Mg and SO were observed to proceed slowly.

Fate and behavior of ZnO- and Ag-engineered nanoparticles and a bacterial viability assessment in a simulated wastewater treatment plant.

The fate and behaviour assessment of ZnO- and Ag-engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and bacterial viability in a simulated wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) fed with municipal wastewater was investigated through determination of ENPs stability at varying pH and continuous exposure of ENPs to wastewater, respectively. The ENPs were introduced to a 3-L bioreactor (simulated WWTP) with a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 6 h at a dose rate of 0.83 mg/min for 240 h.

Sulphate removal from sodium sulphate-rich brine and recovery of barium as a barium salt mixture.

Sulphate removal from sodium sulphate-rich brine using barium hydroxide and recovery of the barium salts has been investigated. The sodium sulphate-rich brine treated with different dosages of barium hydroxide to precipitate barium sulphate showed sulphate removal from 13.5 g/L to less than 400 mg/L over 60 min using a barium to sulphate molar ratio of 1.

Solution equilibria of copper(II) complexation with N,N'-(2,2'-azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dipicolinamide: a bio-distribution and dermal absorption study.

The protonation equilibria of a pentadentate ligand, N,N'-(2,2'-azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dipicolinamide ([H(2)(5555)-N]) and the complexation of this ligand with Cu(II) Ca(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) have been studied by pH-potentiometry, (1)H NMR spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometry. (1)H NMR detected the protonation of the pyridyl groups and formation of Cu[H(2)(5555)-N]H species at low pH, while amide group deprotonation at higher pH resulted in the formation of Cu[H(2)(5555)-N]H(-1) and Cu[H(2)(5555)-N]H(-2) species in solution. Potentiometric detection of protonated species was limited by the acidic nature of the pyridyl nitrogen donors.

Copper chelating anti-inflammatory agents; N1-(2-aminoethyl)-N2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-ethane-1,2-diamine and N-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl)picolinamide: an in vitro and in vivo study.

An in vitro and in vivo study of some copper chelating anti-inflammatory agents for alleviation of inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been conducted. Two copper chelating agents, N(1)-(2-aminoethyl)-N(2)-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine ([555-N]) and N-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl)picolinamide ([H(555)-N]) have been synthesized as their hydrochloride salt; their protonation constants and formation constants with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ca(II) determined by glass electrode potentiometry at 298K and an ionic strength of 0.15M.